Blood Vessels

deep hand veins

L/R digital vein, L/R deep palmar vein, L/R deep palmar venous arch

superficial hand veins

L/R digital vein, L/R superficial palmar vein, L/R superficial palmar venous arch

superficial upper arm veins

L/R median cubital vein connects L/R basilic vein (medial) to L/R cephalic vein (lateral). Basilic vein merges with L/R brachial vein, cephalic vein merges with L/R axillary vein.

deep upper arm veins

L/R deep brachial vein merges with L/R brachial vein. Brachial vein becomes axillary vein at surgical neck of humerus.

1st rib

Place where L/R axillary veins become L/R subclavian veins and where L/R subclavian artery becomes L/R axillary artery.

clavicular veins

L/R external jugular vein merges with L/R subclavian vein. L/R internal jugular vein merges with subclavian vein to become L/R brachiocephalic veins. L/R vertebral vein drains into brachiocephalic veins, which drain into SVC.

head veins

dural sinus drains into L/R internal jugular veins. L/R facial veins drain into internal jugular veins, then into brachiocephalic veins to SVC.

cold

vessels take deep route

hot

vessels take superficial route 

deep hand arteries

L/R deep palmar arch, L/R palmar metacarpal artery, L/R proper palmar digital artery

superficial hand arteries

L/R superficial palmar arch, L/R common palmar digital artery, L/R proper palmar digital artery

arm arteries

L/R axillary artery from 1st rib becomes L/R brachial artery at surgical neck of humerus. L/R deep brachial artery branches off brachial artery. Brachial artery bifurcates into L/R radial artery (thumb) and L/R ulnar artery (pinky). Rejoin at palmar arch.

aortic branching

ascending aorta, brachiocephalic artery, L common carotid artery, L subclavian artery, descending aorta, thoracic aorta (T5-T12), L/R posterior intercostal arteries.

brachiocephalic artery branching

R common carotid artery superiorly, R subclavian artery laterally. R vertebral artery branches off of R subclavian artery. 

L/R subclavian artery branching

L/R vertebral artery, then becomes L/R axillary artery at 1st rib. 

L/R common carotid artery branching

Coronary sinus contains baro- and chemoreceptors and branches into L/R internal carotid artery and L/R external carotid artery. L/R facial artery branches off of external carotid artery. Internal carotid artery will be larger.

vascular anastomoses

Where vessels unite or interconnect. Arterial ones provide alternate pathways for blood to reach a given body structure. Eg. Circle of Willis.

thoracic veins

R posterior intercostal veins drained by Azygos vein. L posterior intercostal veins drained by hemiazygos vein which merges with azygous vein to return blood to SVC.

celiac arteries

abdominal aorta (below T12) to celiac trunk. L gastric artery and splenic artery branch off of celiac trunk to the left. common hepatic artery branches off to the right.

hepatic arteries

common hepatic artery branches into R. gastric artery, then gastroduodenal artery, then goes to the liver.

L gastric artery

Branches left off celiac trunk, supplies blood to left side of lesser curvature of stomach

R gastric artery

Branches off of common hepatic artery, supplies blood to right side of lesser curvature.

gastroduodenal artery

Branches off of common hepatic artery, supplies blood to the greater curvature of stomach and duodenum.

superior mesenteric artery

Branches left off of abdominal aorta between celiac trunk and suprarenal arteries. Supplies blood to jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, and proximal part of transverse colon.

lower abdominal arteries

All branch off of abdominal aorta. Superior mesenteric artery to left, L/R suprarenal arteries supply adrenal glands, L/R renal arteries supply kidneys, L/R gonadal arteries supply ovaries/testicles, inferior mesenteric artery.

median sacral artery

Termination of the aorta, supplies medial sacrum and coccyx.

inferior mesenteric artery

Branches off abdominal aorta after L/R gonadal arteries, supplies distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. 

Iliac arteries

L/R common iliac arteries branch off of abdominal aorta, then bifurcates into L/R internal iliac artery and L/R external iliac artery.

upper leg arteries

L/R external iliac artery becomes L/R femoral artery at inguinal ligament. L/R deep femoral artery branches off femoral artery. Femoral artery becomes L/R popliteal artery at adductor hiatus.

hepatic portal system

Inferior and superior mesenteric vein join with splenic vein to form hepatic portal vein. Hepatic portal vein enters liver, filters through liver sinusoids. Then returns to hepatic vein (superiorly) which empties into IVC.

splenic vein

“Jumps over” IVC as part of hepatic portal system. Inferior (L) and superior (R) mesenteric veins empty into.

Abdominal IVC

R suprarenal, renal and gonadal veins empty directly into. L suprarenal and gonadal veins empty into L renal vein, which empties into IVC.

Iliac veins

L/R external iliac vein merges with L/R internal iliac vein to form L/R common iliac vein, which empty into IVC.

Median sacral vein

Drains medial sacrum and coccyx into IVC.

portal system function

transports nutrient-rich blood from stomach/intestines to the liver to process nutrients and detoxify substances before the blood re-enters circulation.

superficial foot veins

L/R dorsal digital vein, L/R dorsal venous arch, L/R great saphenous vein or L/R small saphenous vein

deep foot veins

L/R plantar digital vein, L/R plantar venous arch, L/R posterior tibial vein

superficial foot arteries

L/R anterior tibial artery, L/R dorsalis pedis artery, L/R dorsal arch (arcuate artery), L/R dorsal metatarsal artery, L/R dorsal digital artery

deep foot arteries

L/R posterior tibial artery, L/R lateral or medial plantar artery, L/R plantar arch, L/R plantar digital artery

lower leg arteries

L/R popliteal artery bifurcates into L/R anterior and posterior tibial arteries below the knee. L/R peroneal or fibular artery branches off of posterior tibial artery.

umbilical arteries

carry deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta for oxygenation. Adult remnant - medial umbilical ligaments

umbilical veins

carry oxygenated blood from placenta to hepatic portal vein. adult remnant - ligamentum teres/round ligament of liver

ductus venosus

Connects umbilical vein (oxygenated) to fetal inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver. Adult remnant - ligamentum venosum, behind ligamentum teres

foramen ovale

Hole between left and right fetal atria. Adult remnant - fossa ovalis

ductus arteriosus

connects fetal pulmonary trunk to aortic arch. Adult remnant - ligamentum arteriosum

fetal circulation to IVC

placenta, umbilical veins (oxygenated), ductus venosus or hepatic portal vein to liver, liver sinusoids, hepatic veins, both empty into inferior vena cava

fetal circulation IVC to aorta

From R atrium, blood can go through tricuspid valve or through foramen ovale to L atrium.