Grammar FINAL flashcards

Adj

describes nouns (tells us something about the person, place or thing)

(examples: cool, stressful, beautiful, hungrier, fastest, ugly, progressive)

Adverb

modifies (goes with) verbs tells us something about how an action is done)

(examples: quickly, loudly, slowly, confidently)

Adverbs can also modify adjectives or other adverbs

(examples: very, rather, pretty, really, so)

Conjunction

connecting words (bring together words, phrases, or clauses)  

AND, BUT, OR = most common conjunctions 

FANBOYS = coordinating conjunctions

Interjection

shows emotion, an exclamation 

(examples: wow, shucks, darn, whoops, oops, ouch, yay, curse words, etc.)

Noun

person, place, or thing (including ideas)

-Proper nouns - names; start with a capital letter (examples: Needham, Rachel, MacBook)

-Common nouns - not names; do not start with a capital letter (examples:  town, student, laptop)

Preposition

“little” words that provide information about location, direction, or relationship 

(examples: in, from, to, of, with, on, near, across, behind)

Pronoun

takes the place of a noun; changes form depending on how you use it (examples: she, her, hers, he, his, his, they, them, theirs, etc.)

Verb

An action or state of being (Action examples: walk, run, fight, scream, cry, attack, collapse, atrophy, dwindle, toil)

(State of being examples: to be, to feel, to have, etc)

Fragment

incomplete sentence

(missing subject or verb or does not express a complete thought)

Example: When Bob cried.

Run-on

Two or more sentences jammed together as if they were done

–Comma splice = type of run-on where a comma is missed (uses a comma where there should be a period or a semicolon)

Example: When Bob cried, his mom cried too, she hates to see him sad.

Clause

group of words that includes a subject and verb

Independent clause

can stand on its own (doesn't need anything else to be complete)

dependent clause

cannot stand on its own (needs an independent clause to be complete) – always start with because, when, since, if, until, slough, even though, etc…

simple sentence

one independent clause 

Example: Bob ate cereal for breakfast

Compound sentence

 two independent clauses with comma + FANBOYS or semicolon

Example: Bon ate cereal for breakfast, but he really wanted donuts

Complex sentence

one independent clause and one dependent clause (usually with comma in between) 

Example: When Bob is hungry, he eats lunch   OR    Bob eats lunch, when he is hungry

Compound-complex sentence

Two (or more) independent clauses, with at least one dependent clause (and correct punctuation) 

Example: When Bob eats cereal for breakfast, he gets hungry quickly, so he eats an early lunch. 

Its, Your, Their

Possessive pronouns (no apostrophe)

It’s, You’re ,They’re

Contractions (short for it is, you are, and they are)

SPICE—- S

Series (list)

SPICE— P

Parenthetical information

SPICE—- I

Introductory word, phrase, or clause

SPICE—- C

Coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)

SPICE—- E

Extras