RLE 2M

Atelectasis

The collapse or partial collapse of the lung due to alveolar fluid filling the air sacs.

Emphysema

A condition that gradually deteriorates lung tissue, particularly the destruction of alveoli.

Bronchiectasis

A disorder characterized by the widening and scarring of the tubes in the lungs that carry air.

Auscultatory points

Specific locations on the chest where heart and lung sounds are listened to.

Chest physiotherapy

An airway clearance technique that uses percussion, vibration, breathing exercises, and coughing to clear the airways and drain the lungs.

Deep breathing exercises

Techniques such as pursed-lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, and apical expansion that promote deep and efficient breathing.

Postural drainage

A technique that uses positioning to help drain mucus and secretions from specific areas of the lungs.

Nebulization

The process of converting liquid medication into a fine mist that can be inhaled into the lungs.

Chest tube drainage

The use of a chest tube and drainage system to remove air, fluid, or blood from the chest cavity.

Blood transfusion

The process of transferring blood or blood products from a donor to a recipient.

Pneumothorax

The presence of air in the pleural cavity, causing the lung to collapse.

Hemothorax

The presence of blood in the pleural cavity, usually due to injury or bleeding.

Chylothorax

The accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pleural cavity.

Thoracotomy

A surgical incision into the chest wall to access the organs within the thoracic cavity.

Thoracostomy

The placement of a tube into the chest to drain air, fluid, or blood.

Direct transfusion

Transfusion of blood or blood products directly from a donor to a recipient.

Indirect transfusion

Transfusion of blood or blood products that have been processed and stored.

Blood typing

Determining the blood group and Rh factor of an individual's blood.

Blood screening

Testing donated blood for infectious diseases and other markers.

Cross matching

Testing the compatibility of donor blood with the recipient's blood.

Anemia

A condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.

Quad coughing

An aided cough where you try to cough while simultaneously giving your abdomen a strong push.

Huff coughing

A technique that helps move mucus from the lungs, done in combination with another ACT.

Cascade coughing

Enables the patient to cough more vigorously and expand their chest during inhalation.

Chest vibration

A method that moves mucus into the larger airways by gently shaking it.

Chest tapping/percussion

Carried out with cupped hands by alternatingly trapping air between the patient's thorax and the caregiver's palm over the lung segments where the secretions need to be drained.

Postural drainage

A method that entails lying or sitting in specific positions to allow gravity to remove secretions from your airways.

Incentive spirometry

Utilizes a device called an Incentive Spirometer to help you breathe more fully and profoundly, expanding your lungs.

Nebulization

Uses a device called a Nebulizer to create a mist of liquid medication that is easy to breathe in.

Pneumothorax

Occurs when the parietal or visceral pleura is breached and the pleural space is exposed to positive atmospheric pressure.

Hemothorax

A collection of blood between the visceral and parietal pleura region.

Chylothorax

An uncommon but severe illness where lymph (chyle) produced in the digestive system builds up in the chest cavity.

Thoracotomy

Involves making a cut between the ribs to access the lungs or other organs in the chest or thorax.

Thoracostomy

The process doctors employ to insert a chest tube to remove air or fluid from the area between your lungs and chest wall.

Chest tube

A tube made of plastic that is used to remove air or liquid from the chest.

Chest tube drainage system

A compartment system with a one-way valve, one or more chambers, that removes air or fluid and prevents its return into the patient.

Blood transfusion

The process of receiving blood or blood products intravenously.

Recipient

Someone who receives something from another person, such as a blood transfusion or organ donation.

Donor

A person who gives blood for use in transfusion.

Plasma

The liquid portion of your blood, making about 55% of the volume of your blood.

Direct transfusion

Demands closeness between the donor and the receiver and relies on rapid transmission to reduce clotting.

Indirect transfusion

Donations are made, the blood stored, and later transfused

Anemia

A disorder characterized by a decrease in the production of healthy red blood cells, resulting in a lack of oxygen-rich blood in the body.

Chest physiotherapy

A nursing procedure that aids in the elimination of excessive or accumulated airway secretions and improves gas exchange in the lungs.

Postural drainage

A nursing procedure that helps eliminate excessive fluids from the body, particularly in conditions like cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Nebulization

A procedure that facilitates the relaxation of respiratory muscles and allows for improved airflow into and out of the lungs, often used to administer medications.

Chest tube drainage systems

Used to remove excess fluid, blood, or air from the pleural space surrounding the lungs.

Blood transfusion

A procedure that aids in replenishing lost blood volume caused by surgical procedures, traumatic injuries, or severe anemia.

Jet nebulizers

Nebulizers that produce medical mist using compressed gas and disperse it via a jet of pressured air.

Ultrasonic nebulizers

Nebulizers that use ultrasonic sound waves to break down liquid medication into tiny particles for inhalation.

Vibrating mesh nebulizers

Nebulizers that create a dense aerosol by vibrating a mesh using ultrasonic frequencies, allowing for higher drug dosage delivery.

One-bottle system

A type of chest tube drainage system that allows for the drainage of both fluid and air, with an outlet to the atmosphere for air escape.

Two-chamber system

A type of chest tube drainage system used for draining significant amounts of fluids from the pleural cavity, with separate chambers for collecting liquids and air.

Suction chamber

A chamber or bottle used in chest drainage machines to apply suction when there needs to be a higher pressure differential for air or fluid to pass from the pleural space to the collection system.

Water seal

The major function of the water seal in chest drainage machines is to permit expiration from the pleural space and prevent inhalation into the pleural cavity or mediastinum.

Wet suction control

A suction control system in chest drainage machines where sterile fluid is poured into the suction control chamber to create a gently bubbling effect and control the amount of suction.

Dry suction control

A suction control system in chest drainage machines that uses a self-compensating regulator to adjust the level of suction without using a column of water.

Whole blood

Blood as it naturally flows through our bodies without any of its constituent parts broken down or removed. It is used for patients who require all the blood's constituent parts, such as those who have experienced severe blood loss from trauma or heart surgery.

Packed red cells

Red blood cells that have been separated from the plasma to reduce transfusion and isoagglutinin load. They are used to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body.

Platelet concentrates

Biological autologous products made from the patient's whole blood that primarily include growth factors and concentrated platelets. They are important for blood clotting and are used in battling cancer, chronic diseases, traumatic injuries, and surgeries like organ transplants.

Fresh frozen plasma

Plasma isolated from a unit of blood within 6-8 hours of donation and immediately frozen. It contains a physiologic range of all the clotting factors and is used to treat patients with coagulopathy who are bleeding or at risk of bleeding.

Plasma derivatives

Products made from human plasma using chromatographic and other fractionation methods. They are heated and/or cleaned to kill specific viruses and contain specific proteins depending on the client's needs.

Cryoprecipitate

A component of plasma made from repeatedly thawed FFP that is centrifuged and precipitated to produce a concentrated product. It is used for its antihemophilic factor.

Cryo

A blood product used to prevent or control bleeding in individuals with clotting disorders, containing clotting factors like fibrinogen and factor VIII.

Von Willebrand disease

An inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor, a protein involved in clotting.

Hemophilia A

An inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of factor VIII, a clotting protein.

Blood Cold Chain

A method used to store and transport blood and blood products at the proper temperature to ensure their quality and safety.

Blood transfusion center

A facility where blood is collected from donors and processed for analysis, storage, and distribution.

Nebulizer

A device used to convert liquid medicine into an aerosol or mist form for inhalation.

Compressor

The part of a nebulizer system that pumps ambient air forcefully through the nozzle to convert liquid medicine into aerosol or mist.

Tubing

Delivers pressurized air from the compressor to the medication cup in a nebulizer system.

Medication cup

The unit in a nebulizer system where liquid medicine is poured and converted into aerosol or mist form.

Face mask/Mouthpiece

The part of a nebulizer system used by the patient to inhale the medicine mist, either through a face mask or a mouthpiece.

Nebulizer filter

An important part of a nebulizer system that removes particulate particles from the compressed air before it enters the medication cup.

Chest tube drainage system

A system used to collect and drain fluid or air from the pleural cavity.

Collection chamber

The part of a chest tube drainage system where drainage from the pleural cavity is collected and measured.

Water-seal chamber

A chamber in a chest tube drainage system that allows air to exit the pleural cavity during exhalation but not re-enter during inhalation.

Glass Bottle Systems

A type of chest tube drainage system that uses glass bottles to collect and drain fluid and air.

Suction control chamber

A part of a chest drainage system that allows for the application of suction to aid in the removal of air or fluid from the pleural space.

Blood administration set

A cover that maintains the cleanliness of the plastic spike used in blood transfusion sets.

Plastic spike

The structure at the end of the tube that pierces the container or bag of blood and anchors the transfusion set.

Air vent

Located at the base of the plastic spike, it allows air to enter the container or bag of blood being transfused, enhancing the transfusion.

Drip chamber

A transparent chamber below the spike where the blood drips into and collects, used to count the flow rate and observe the flow of the infused blood.

Filter

Located inside the drip chamber, it removes clots, platelet clumps, and white blood cells formed during collection and storage.

Tubing

The main structure of the blood transfusion set, a flexible and transparent tube that serves as the central passageway for the transfused blood.

Flow regulator

Attached along the tube, between the drip chamber and the injection site, it controls and regulates the flow rate of the transfused blood.

Injection site

Situated before the needle, it is where drugs and medications can be administered during the transfusion.

Luer lock connector

The most proximal part of the blood transfusion set, immediately behind the needle, where the hypodermic needle is attached.

Hypodermic needle

Used to pierce the patient's vein and connect the blood transfusion set to the patient, influencing the flow rate of the infused blood.

Hands must be washed properly

The act of thoroughly cleaning one's hands with soap and water to maintain hygiene.

Upright position

Sitting or standing straight, with the back and shoulders aligned.

Breath sounds

The sounds produced by air moving through the respiratory system, which can indicate the health of the lungs.

Pulse rates

The number of times the heart beats per minute, which can indicate the heart's health and function.

Respiratory status

The overall condition and function of the respiratory system.

Hose

A flexible tube used to connect the nebulizer to an air compressor.

Medicine cup

A container used to hold the medication that will be converted into mist during nebulization.

Saline solution

A solution of salt and water used to dilute medication and facilitate nebulization.

Mouthpiece

A device that is placed in the mouth to inhale the mist during nebulization.

Breathing mask

A mask that covers the nose and mouth to inhale the mist during nebulization.

Inhale

The act of breathing in, taking air or mist into the lungs.