Eubacteria and Archaeabacteria

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/15

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

16 Terms

1
New cards
<p>general characteristics of bacteria</p>

general characteristics of bacteria

  • single celled

  • single chromosome

  • prokaryotes: no nucleus, much smaller

  • organelles are NOT surrounded by membrane

2
New cards

archaea

  • oldest group of organisms (evolution)

  • found in extreme environments

  • classified by the type of environment they inhabit

  • methanogens: methane producing, poisoned by oxygen

  • halophiles: live in high saline, salt loving

  • thermacidophiles: live in extreme temperatures and pH, heat and acid loving

<ul><li><p>oldest group of organisms (evolution)</p></li><li><p>found in extreme environments</p></li><li><p>classified by the type of environment they inhabit</p></li><li><p>methanogens: methane producing, poisoned by oxygen</p></li><li><p>halophiles: live in high saline, salt loving</p></li><li><p>thermacidophiles: live in extreme temperatures and pH, heat and acid loving</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
New cards

Eubacteria

  • unicellular prokaryotes

  • most bacteria are eubacteria

  • have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan

<ul><li><p>unicellular prokaryotes</p></li><li><p>most bacteria are eubacteria </p></li><li><p>have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan </p></li></ul><p></p>
4
New cards

how are bacteria classified?

  • cell shape

  • gram stain

  • nutrition

  • respiration

5
New cards

classification of bacteria: cell shape

  • spirilla: spirals

  • bacilli: rounded rectangles

  • cocci/coccus: circles

  • may also be asymmetrical

<ul><li><p>spirilla: spirals </p></li><li><p>bacilli: rounded rectangles</p></li><li><p>cocci/coccus: circles </p></li><li><p>may also be asymmetrical </p></li></ul><p></p>
6
New cards

classification of bacteria: gram stain

  • the reaction between bacteria and a crystal violet and iodine dye

  • gram-positive: cell appear purple

  • gram-negative: cell appears light pink → pathogens

<ul><li><p>the reaction between bacteria and a crystal violet and iodine dye</p></li><li><p>gram-positive: cell appear purple</p></li><li><p>gram-negative: cell appears light pink → pathogens</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
New cards

classification of bacteria: nutrition

  • heterotroph: use organic molecules from their environment to produce their energy (cannot make own food)

  • autoroph: produces their own organic molecules molecules from their environment (can make own food)

8
New cards

classification of bacteria: respiration

  • aerobes: use oxygen to produce energy from their food

  • anaearobes: produce energy from food in the absence of oxygen

9
New cards

pathogens

any organism that causes disease: viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites

10
New cards

reproduction of bacteria

  • binary fission (asexual)

  • conjugation (sexual)

11
New cards

binary fission

  • asexual reproduction for bacteria

  • exact copy; no diversity

  • cell elongates, then forms a septum (pinching part), forms distinct walls, then seperates

<ul><li><p>asexual reproduction for bacteria</p></li><li><p>exact copy; no diversity</p></li><li><p>cell elongates, then forms a septum (pinching part), forms distinct walls, then seperates</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
New cards

conjugation

  • sexual reproduction in bacteria

  • genetically different

  • two cells form a tube, part of the DNA moves over, results in two genetics diverse cells

<ul><li><p>sexual reproduction in bacteria </p></li><li><p>genetically different </p></li><li><p>two cells form a tube, part of the DNA moves over, results in two genetics diverse cells </p></li></ul><p></p>
13
New cards

how can bacteria be helpful?

  • most bacteria are helpful

  • natural recycling through nitrogen cycle, converts nitrogen gas intro useable nitrogen for plants and provides oxygen

  • health and medicine: foods (yogurt, cheese, pickles), help digestion, release vitamins

  • clean-up (bioremediation): clean up oil spills and gasoline leaks

14
New cards

pathogenic bacteria release

endotoxins or exotoxins

15
New cards

endotoxins

  • pathogenic bacteria

  • release gram-negative bacteria split

  • cause fever, vomiting, diarrhea

  • i.e. salmonella

16
New cards

exotoxins

  • pathogenic bacteria

  • mostly gram positive

  • released around bacteria

  • toxic and fatal