Anatomy + Physiology - Bones of the Skull, Bone Structure, and Types of Bones

foramen magnum

big hole for spinal cord to exit skull

occipital condyles

where occipital bone attaches to atlas (C1 vertebrae, top of spine)

parietal

walls of the cranium

frontal

forehead bone, contains the glabella and the frontal sinus

glabella

part medial to the eyes and superior to the nose

frontal sinus

part of nasal passages, completely inside the bone

temporal

side of your head (along temple), contains mastoid process, styloid process, and external auditory meatus

mastoid process

attachment for sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM - rotates + flexes head)

styloid process

attachment for muscles of the tongue/throat

external auditory meatus

hole-like depression, channel for external ear canal

nasal

the hard bridge of the nose

vomer

bottom part of bony nasal septum, V-shaped bone

mandible

only moving bone of skull, lower jaw

lambdoidal suture

the suture between the parietal + occipital bones

hydroxyapatite and collagen protein

two main things a bone is made of

occipital

back of the head, contains foramen magnum and occipital condyles

ethmoid

back of the nose, contains ethmoid sinus, cribriform plate, and perpendicular plate

ethmoid sinus

inside of ethmoid bone

cribriform plate

olfactory (smell) nerves pass through here

perpendicular plate

forms bony nasal septum

sphenoid

bat shaped bone, back wall of eye sockets, contains the sphenoid sinus

sphenoid sinus

middle body of sphenoid bone

zygomatic

cheek bones, forms part of orbital cavities (eye sockets), can transfer impact of cheek to orbital cavity and break bones that form orbital cavity

palatine

back 1/3 of the hard palate

maxilla

front 2/3 of the hard palate

inferior nasal concha

conchae form "bumps" on the inside walls of nasal passage, causes swirling air flow to warm + humidify air

sutures

inflexible joint between bones

coronal suture

the suture between the frontal + parietal bones

sagittal suture

the suture between the parietal bones

long bones

bones that are longer than they are wide (ex: phalanges, ulna, humerus)

short bones

carpal and tarsal bones (ex: trapezoid, talus, scaphoid)

flat bones

bones thin, flattened, and usually curved (ex: sternum, ribs, parietal bone)

irregular bones

bones that aren't long, short, or flat (ex: pelvis, coccyx, vertebrae)

hydroxyapatite

inorganic, non-living, made of salts, contains calcium and phosphorus, is brittle like chalk, is 2/3 the weight of the bone, is resposible for compressive strength

collagen protein

organic (carbon + hydrogen), living, made of amino acids, contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, is bendy and strong like steel, is 1/3 the weight of the bone, is responsible for tensile strength and resilience

epiphysis

end of long bone

diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

marrow

the soft connective tissue that fills the internal spaces in bone

spongy bone

layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone

compact bone

hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone

adipose

fat, yellow bone marrow

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