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70 Terms
1
Agile Method
System development methods that attempt to develop a system incrementally by building a series of prototypes and constantly adjusting them to user requirements.
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App
A software application that runs on a mobile device, such as a smartphone or tablet.
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3
Application Lifecycle Management (ALM)
Activities that cover the entire SDLC, including requirements, design, development, testing, deployment, and management of software applications.
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Application Software
Software programs, such as email, word processing, spreadsheets, and graphics packages, used by employees in typical office scenarios.
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5
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The attempt to recreate natural intelligence through software in machines.
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6
B2B (Business-to-Business)
A commercial exchange (e.g., products or services) between businesses, typically enabled by the Internet or electronic means.
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B2C (Business-to-Consumer)
A commercial exchange (e.g., products or services) between businesses and consumers, conducted over the Internet.
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8
Big Data
Extremely large datasets requiring non-traditional approaches to deal with them, often characterized by volume, variety, and velocity.
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9
Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
An equipment management model where employees manage their own devices at work rather than the IT department.
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10
Business Model
A graphical representation of business functions that consist of business processes, such as sales, accounting, and purchasing.
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11
Business Process
A description of specific events, tasks, and desired results.
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12
Business Process Model (BPM)
A graphical representation of one or more business processes.
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13
Business Profile
A definition of a company's overall functions, processes, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction.
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14
Business Rules
How a system handles data and produces useful information, reflecting the operational requirements of the business.
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15
Business Support Systems
Systems that provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company.
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16
CASE Tools
Powerful software used in computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) to help system analysts develop and maintain information systems.
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17
Certification
A credential an individual earns by demonstrating a certain level of knowledge and skill on a standardized test.
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18
Class
In object-oriented modeling, a collection of similar objects.
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19
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE)
A technique using powerful programs to provide an overall framework for system development.
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20
Corporate Culture
A set of beliefs, rules, traditions, values, and attitudes that define a company and influence its way of doing business.
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Critical Thinking Skills
The ability to compare, classify, evaluate, recognize patterns, analyze cause and effect, and apply logic.
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22
Data
Raw material or basic facts used by information systems.
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23
Data Center
A large concentration of networked computers working together.
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Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
A graphical representation of the system, showing how it stores, processes, and transforms data.
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25
Data Science
An interdisciplinary field blending computer science, math, statistics, and business methods to analyze large datasets.
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26
Deliverables
A polished, final product suitable for its intended use, often marking the completion of each SDLC phase.
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E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce)
Transactions (e.g., buying and selling goods and information) that occur on the Internet.
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Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
A process involving computer-to-computer transfer of data between companies.
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Empowerment
A business practice placing more responsibility and accountability at all levels of an organization.
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30
Enterprise Applications
Company-wide applications such as order processing systems, payroll systems, and company communication networks.
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Enterprise Computing
Information systems that support company-wide data management requirements.
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
A process that establishes an enterprise-wide strategy for IT resources.
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Feasibility Study
An initial investigation to identify the nature and scope of a business opportunity or problem.
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Hardware
The physical layer of the information system, including computers, networks, and communications equipment.
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Help Desk
A centralized resource staffed by IT professionals to provide users with support.
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36
Horizontal System
A basic system, such as an inventory or payroll package, used by a variety of companies.
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Information
Data transformed into a useful form.
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38
Information System
A combination of IT, people, and data to support business requirements.
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Information Technology (IT)
A combination of hardware, software, and telecommunication systems supporting business operations.
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40
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
An application for building other software applications.
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Iteration
A development model using a series of cycles or revisions based on user feedback.
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42
Knowledge Base
A system development technique using a group of users, managers, and IT professionals to gather information and define system requirements.
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43
Legacy System
An older system that is typically less technologically advanced than current systems.
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44
Machine Learning
The use of automated approaches to pattern recognition and predictive analytics based on large datasets.
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Management Information System (MIS)
A computer-based system used for business planning, control, decision-making, and problem-solving.
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Mission-Critical System
An information system that is vital to a company’s operations.
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47
Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE)
A systems engineering approach that relies on domain models rather than traditional documents.
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Modeling
A process that produces a graphical representation of a concept or process.
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Moore's Law
The prediction that computing power doubles every 18 to 24 months due to increased miniaturization of electronic components.
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NoSQL Databases
Database systems that use a flat, non-tabular (non-relational) structure to store and process large-scale datasets.
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Object
In object-oriented analysis or programming, an entity that represents a real person, place, event, or transaction.
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52
Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA)
A method of understanding an information system by identifying objects that interact with it.
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Preliminary Investigation
An initial analysis to identify the nature and scope of a business opportunity or problem.
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Process
A series of steps performed by users, managers, or IT staff to transform data into meaningful information.
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Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
See Application Lifecycle Management (ALM).
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Project Management
The process of planning, scheduling, monitoring, and controlling an information system's development.
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Prototype
An early, rapidly constructed working version of a proposed system.
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Technology that uses high-frequency radio waves to track physical objects.
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Scalability
The ability of a system to expand to meet new business requirements and volumes.
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Software
Programs run by computers for specific functions or tasks.
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Stakeholder
Anyone affected by the company’s performance, such as customers, employees, suppliers, and stockholders.
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Strategic Plans
Long-term plans defining a corporate mission and goals.
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Structured Analysis
A traditional system development technique using phases to plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system.
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Supply Chain Management (SCM)
The coordination and management of materials, information, and finances from suppliers to customers.
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System
A set of related components producing specific results.
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System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
A model that includes five phases: planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support.
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67
Technical Support
Necessary to support IT systems and users, including software development, database administration, and network administration.
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68
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Operational systems used to process recurring business transactions.
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User Productivity Systems
Applications providing employees with tools to improve job performance.
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Waterfall Model
The traditional software development model, where each SDLC phase flows into the next like a waterfall.
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