BY 124 lab exam 2 all slide information

general characteristics of Kingdom Animalia

all eukaryotic, all heterotrophic, no cell wall

what's kingdom animalia's carbohydrate storage?

glycogen

what's heterotrophic mean?

ingestion

what's the most common form of reproduction for kingdom animalia?

sexual reproduction

what's the rare form of reproduction for kingdom animalia?

asexually: budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis

what are the body plan types for the phylums of kingdom animalia?

sac and tube in tube

what are the types of symmetry for the phylums of kingdom animalia?

asymmetry, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry

what are the germ layers for the phylums of kingdom animalia?

2 layers or 3 layers

what does the germ layer 2 layers of kingdom animalia's phylums mean?

tissue level organization (ectoderm and endoderm)

what does the germ layer 3 layers of kingdom animalia's phylums mean?

organ level organization (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)

what are the body cavities for the phylums of kingdom animalia?

acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate

what does the body cavity acoelomate mean?

no body cavity between gut and outer covering

what does the body cavity pseudocoelomate mean?

has a body cavity, but not completely lined with mesoderm

what does the body cavity coelomate mean?

has body cavity, completely lined with mesoderm

what are the characteristics to know for each phylum of kingdom animalia?

body plan, type of symmetry, germ layers, body cavity, and segmentation

what are the subkingdoms that kingdom animalia can be divided into?

Parazoa and Eumetazoa

what does subkingom Parazoa include?

sponges only

what does subkingom Eumetazoa include?

all other animals

what are the phylums for subkingdom Parazoa?

Phylum Porifera

what's the new school of thought about Phylum Porifera?

it should be split into 2 Phyla, Calcarea and Silicea

Characteristics of Phylum Porifera

no tissues (cellular level of organization), no organ systems, most are hermaphroditic, and larvae is ciliated

what does hermaphroditic mean?

individual functions as both male and female

body plan of Phylum Porifera

Sac type

Symmetry of Phylum Porifera

Asymmetrical/no symmetry

feeding type of Phylum Porifera and on what?

filter feeds the cell types choanocytes and amoebocytes

describe choanocytes

have a flagella that drives water past the cell, particles become trapped and get digested inside cells

another name for choanocytes

collar cells

describe amoebocytes

cells that wander the mesohyl

what's the mesohyl?

jellylike layer between epidermal cells and choanoytes

function of amoebocytes

takes food from choanocytes and distributes it,may also get rid of wastes, can store food

what is the classification of sponges based on?

spicules

what are spicules produced by?

amoebocytes

What are the classes of Phylum Porifera?

Class Calcarea, Hexactinellida, and Demospongiae

what distinguishes Class Calcarea?

calcium carbonate spicules

what distinguishes Class Hexactinellida?

silica spicules

what distinguishes Class Demospongiae?

spongin spicules

reproduction type of Phylum Porifera?

reproduce sexually or asexually by budding

what phylums are in subkingdom Eumetazoa?

Phylum Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Nematoda, Nemertea, Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda

what was the former name of phylum Cnidaria?

Coelenterata

symmetry of Phylum Cnidaria

Radial Symmmetry

what are some things that Phylum Cnidaria have?

definite tissue, mesoglea, nerve nets, and Gastrovascular cavity

what does Phylum Cnidaria have the presence of?

enidocytes that contain a whip-like stinging barb called a nematocyst

what are enidocytes?

specialized cells unique to phylum Cnidaria

what is mesoglea?

jelly like layer between epidermis and gastrodermis

what are nerve nets?

noncentralized arrangement of neurons in Cnidaria

what forms does Phylum Cnidaria alternate between?

between polyp (sessile stage) and medusa (free swimming) forms

What type of germ layers does Phylum Cnidaria have?

tissue level orginization

digestion for Phylum Cnidaria

digestion is extracellular (in Gastrovascular cavity) then is taken into the cells (phagocytosis)

What classes fall under Phylum Cnidaria?

Class Scyphozoa, Hydrozoa, Anthozoa, and Cubozoa

what organism is typical of Class Hydrozoa?

Obelia (colonial)

what is the main stage of the life cycle for Class Hydrozoa?

Polyp

whats used for sexual reproduction in Class Hydrozoa?

Medusa

describe Hydra of class Hydrozoa

exists only as polyp and is solitary

what are the larva of Class Hydrozoa called?

planula

describe Class Scyphozoa

true jellyfish, medusa is dominant stage

what is class Cubozoa known as?

box jellies and sea wasps

what organism is in class Cubozoa , where's it found, and what's unique about it?

Chironex fleckeri, a sea wasp, off the coast of northern Australia is one of the deadliest organisms, its sting can kill within minutes

what is immune to the deadly Chironex fleckeri and what does this allow?

sea turtles are somewhat immune to their stings, allowing them to eat box cubozoans in large quantities

life stage of Class Anthozoa

Polyp is only stage present

what does Class Anthozoa include?

includes corals and sea anemones

facts about class Anthozoa

skeletons of coral build reefs, some have symbiotic relationships with algae (zooxanthellae)

common name for phylum Ctenophora

comb jellies

where did phylum ctenophora get its common name?

so called due to 8 comb rows

symmetry for phylum Ctenophora?

Radial symmetry

germ layer of Phylum Ctenophora?

tissue level of organization

unique about Phylum Ctenophora?

largest animal to use cillia for locomotion

what's the major division seen in the animal line?

protostome and deuterostome

what makes up protosome?

the lower invertebrates

what makes up the deuterostome?

the higher invertebrates and chordates

difference in blastopore in Protostomes and Deuterostomes?

blastospore becomes mouth in protostome, becomes anus in deuterostomes

difference in cleavage in Protostomes and Deuterostomes?

determinate and spiral cleavage in Protostomes, but Indeterminate and radial cleavage in Deuterostomes

difference in mesoderm in Protostomes and Deuterostomes?

mesoderm arises from endoderm from two cells near the blastopore which divide in Protostomes, but mesoderm arises from endoderm as a pair of pouches from endoderm wall in Deuterostomes

difference in Coelom in Protostomes and Deuterostomes?

Coelom arises from spilt in solid mesoderm, but arises as a cavity in a pouch of mesoderm

what Phylums are Acoelomates?

Phylum Platyhelminthes

what classes are in Phylum Platyhelminthes?

Class Turbellaria, Trematoda, and Cestoda

common name for Phylum Platyhelminthes?

flatworms

digestion of Phylum Platyhelminthes?

has branched gastrovascular cavity, digestion is both extracellular and intracellular

Characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes

dorsoventrally-flattened body, no circulatory or respiratory system, has mesoderm (3 germ layers), nerve cords with ganglia, sac level organization

excretion of Phylum Platyhelminthes

excretion is via flame cells in protonephridia

all the Protostomes

Phylum Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Nematoda, Nermertea, Mollusca, Annelida, Onychophora, and Arthropoda

What does class Turbellaria include and characteristics?

includes Planaria, mostly free living, has "eyespots", and capable of primitive learning

what are "eyespots"

light-sensitive regions

common name for Class Trematoda

flukes

characteristics of Class Trematoda

all members are parasites (either internal or external) usually of vertebrates, and may have complex life cycle with several hosts

common name of Class Cestoda

tapeworms

Characteristics of Class Cestoda

head region called scolex, has repeating "packets" of reproductive organs called proglottids, and often has two or more hosts

what Phylum are included in the Pseudocoelomates?

Phylum Rotifera and Nematoda

common name for Phylum Rotifera?

Rotifers or "wheel" animals

unique about the cells of Phylum Rotifera?

cell constant animals, and once a cell is lost, it is not replaced by mitosis

what are cell constant animals?

all members of the same species have the same number of cells

characteristics of Phylum Rotifera

Bilaterally symmetrical Pseudocoelomates, 3 germ layers, tube in tube body mastax, can have parthenogenesis, looks like a protist but is actually a multicellular animal, and organs present

where does Phylum Rotifera live?

fresh and marine water, and terrestrial

what's a Mastax?

grinding organ used to grind up food in Rotifers

what's pathenogenesis?

egg develop without being fertilized by sperm

common name of Phylum Nematoda?

round worms

characteristics of Phylum Nematoda

Bilaterally symmetrical pseudocoelomates, some free living and some parasitic, longitudinal muscles only, hyrdrostatic skeleton, 3 germ layers, tube in tube body, and organs present

habitats of Phylum Nematoda

fresh and marine water, soil, plant tissues, tissues and fluids of animals

what does Phylum Nematoda include?

Trichinella, hookworms, pin worms, and filaria worms

what do filaria worms cause?

elephantiasis

what's Trichinella?

obtained from undercooked pork, larva encyst in muscle