AP World Chapter 1

Song dynasty

Song dynasty

The dynasty ruled over large parts of China, “ golden age” of art, scholars debated new forms of confucian philosophy

China’s economic revolution

Made song dynasty China the most rich, skilled, and populous country on earth at that time. The population had basically doubled from the start to end of the song. There were also advances in agriculture (champs rice)

Hangzhou

Song dynasty capital of China which was home to over 1 million people

Foot binding

Women practiced this to keep their feet small, feminine, and beautiful. They would wrap their feet and cloth and often break their bones just to achieve this goal

Hangul

Korean phonetic alphabet, used to write Korean language

Bushido

a distinctive set of values for Japanese samurai. Included bravery, loyalty, endurance, honor, martial arts, and death over surrender mentality

Tribute system

offering/trading goods with China so they can show their superiority

Chu nom

Variation of Chinese language. Vietnamese. Provided basis for independent national literature and a vehicle for the writings of educated women

Srivijaya

Hindu/Buddhist empire on the islands in Southeast Asia. Shows us the connection between commerce, state building, and religious change.

Madjapahit

Hindu and Javanese culture blended state in South East Asian islands. Present day Indonesia/Malaya. State.

Angor Wat

Largest religious structure in the world at it’s time. Used by Hindus and then by Buddhists

Abbasid caliphate

Arab dynasty, ruled Islamic world (in theory) Capital in Baghdad

Seljuk Turkic Empire

Started to claim Muslim title “Sultan”. Turks political power grew and they were now the sustainers and carriers of the Islamic faith to other regions

Ottoman Empire

Creation of a Turkic warrior group. Took over much of Anatolian Peninsula and Southeastern Europe

Constantinople

(Roman) Christian capital that the Ottomans later took over and turned into Istanbul

jizya

A tax that was put upon non-muslims and was the reason why many converted to the Islamic faith

al-Andalus

Muslim name for Spain. Spain at the time was a place where Muslims, Jews, and Christians could coexist easier

Swahili civilization

Emerged in the 8th century in present day Somalia. They spoke African Bantu. Early Swahilans lived simply, but trade made them wealthy and they eventually had a king

West African civilization

They stretched from the Atlantic coast to Lake Chad. The civilizations included Mali, Ghana, Songhay, and Kanem-Bornu. There were also cities like Timbuktu

Mali

Most famous for Gold (Mansa Musa). Also imported strategic goods: horses and metals

Trans-Saharan slave trade

From 1100-1400 C.E. there were about 5,500 slaves brought through the desert to North Africa every year

Timbuktu

City in Mali, major trading city

Byzantine Empire

Most sophisticated Christian empire/civilization. After empire fell their traditions lived on through Rus and other Slavic countries

Ottoman seizure of Constantinople

Turks were seizing all Christian territories and they finally seized Constantinople. The Christian Capital in 1453

Kievan Rus

Present day Russia and Ukraine. It was a modest state which was briefly ruled by different princes

Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Byzantine empire. Prince was searching for a religion that would unify the diverse people of his region while linking Rus into wider works of communication exchange

Western Christendom

Western half of European Christianity that followed a different path than the Byzantine Empire. On the margins of world trade until 1000 C.E. It was distanced away from all the world trade for a while

Feudalism

Highly fragmented/decentralized society. Swore allegiance to higher ups. Introduced/brought on manorialism

Roman Catholic Church

Linked religion to hierarchical organization of popes, bishops, priests, and etc. Almost every community in Europe had a representative. Church grew wealthy. Had ups and downs

European Renaissance

Began in vibrant commercial cities. (1350-1500) Turned to ancient past for inspiration. “Rebirth” of art, politics, and economy

Maya Civilization

Dominated a region in modern day Gautemala. Impressive art and intellect. Amazing architecture and builders (temples, pyramids, and urban centers) Had impressive writing and politics. Fell around 900

Inca Empire

Monumental architecture, stone work, road network reaching all corners of empire, textiles, and more. Based off previous civilizations.

Diaspora

A large group of people who share a cultural and regional origin, but are living away from their traditional home land

Syncretism

Merging/blending of cultures

Class Stratification

Hierarchical arrangement of individuals into divisions of power and wealth within a society

Manorialism

Political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their landlord

Mita

A forced labor draft imposed by the Spaniards on the indigenous inhabitants of Peru

Aztec Empire

Last and largest mesoamerican empire