7. Bacteriology - PID

biogenesis

The idea that all living things come from other living things.

Prokaryotic cells

Unicellular organisms without a nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles.

eukaryotic cells

Plant and animal cells with a nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles

cytoplasm

Jelly-like aqueous solution that serves to facilitate chemical reactions and dissolve solutes.

cytoplasm

The groups of molecules contained by the _________ are macromolecules, small molecules and inorganic ions.

Nucleoid

Location in a prokaryotic cell where primary genetic material is found.

Bacterial genome

Single haploid circular chromosome containing double-stranded DNA.

proteins

Transcription factors that regulate the expression of the bacterial genome.

messenger

RNA coding for proteins.

Non-coding RNA

RNA involved in DNA organization and expression of the bacterial genome

plasmid

Circular molecule of DNA that replicates separately from the genome.

virulence factors, resistance genes

Plasmids contain genes associated with disease (______ ______) or to survive in the presence of less-than-ideal situations ( _________)

ribosomes

All protein synthesis takes place on

antibiotics

Prokaryotic ribosomes are structurally different from those in eukaryotic cells, making them a good target for

periplasmic space

The bacterial envelope is always composed of a cytoplasmic (or plasma) membrane, a peptidoglycan layer, and a

peptidoglycan

The bacterial envelope is always composed of a cytoplasmic (or plasma) membrane, a periplasmic space, and a ______________ layer.

cytoplasmic, plasma

The bacterial envelope is always composed of a _______ (or _________) membrane, a peptidoglycan layer, and a periplasmic space.

outer membrane

Gram negative bacteria have an

plasma membrane

The innermost membrane located next to the cytoplasm, composed of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins.

transport

_________ proteins enable specific movement of the molecules in and out of the cell

energy generation

________ __________ components are proteins used for the synthesis of ATP

peptidoglycan layer

A mesh-like polymer unique to prokaryotic cells.

penicillin-binding proteins

Transpeptidase enzymes that cross link alternating subunits of NAG and NAM.

selective permeability, respiration, energy generation

The plasma membrane serves as a _________ ________ barrier and a source of bacterial __________ and __________ _________.

protection

The peptidoglycan layer functions as __________ against mechanical damage and osmotic lysis.

LPS

___ is the abbreviation for a virulence factor that causes fever, leukopenia, anorexia, diarrhea, blood coag, and hemorrhagic shock.

More

Gram negative bacteria are generally (MORE/LESS) tolerant to detergents

mycobacteria

Gram-positive bacteria containing mycolic acid.

mycoplasma

A bacteria without a peptidoglycan layer whose plasma membrane contains sterols

glycocalyx

The polysaccharide layer of a capsule

endospores

cryptobiotic state of dormancy produced by pathogenic genera bacillus and clostridium

flagella

Bacterial structure that aids in locomotion or bacterial motility

pili

Bacterial structure composed of fine, straight, hair-like appendages.

antigenicity

Pili are beneficial in their ability to aid in adherence to host tissue, but costly due to their contribution to

bacilli

The pink bacteria are (shape)

cocci

The purple bacteria are (shape)

diplobacilli

A pair of rod shaped bacteria connected end-to-end

streptobacilli

A line of rod shaped bacteria connected end-to-end

diplococci

A pair of round bacteria

staphylococci

A cluster of round bacteria

coccobacillus

A bacteria whose shape is in between round and rod shaped.

colony

Growth of bacteria on a plate produces a bacterial __________ that is visible macroscopically.

False

(True/False): the same bacterial species will have the same morphology regardless of culture medium.

False

(True/False): Bacterial colonies may continue growing in size, but rarely look different due to longer incubation times.

photosynthesis

Bacteria can get metabolic energy based on fermentation, respiration, and/or

fermentation

Bacteria can get metabolic energy based on photosynthesis, respiration, and/or

respiration

Bacteria can get metabolic energy based on fermentation, photosynthesis, and/or

shape

Bacterial colonies can be classified by many factors including ___________ (circular, rhizoid, irregular, filamentous, spindle)

margin

Bacterial colonies can be classified by many factors including ___________ (entire, undulate, lobate, curled, rhizoid, filamentous)

elevation

Bacterial colonies can be classified by many factors including ___________ (flat, raised, convex, pulvinate, umbonate)

size

Bacterial colonies can be classified by many factors including ___________ (punctiform, small, moderate, large)

texture

Bacterial colonies can be classified by many factors including ___________ (smooth or rough)

appearance

Bacterial colonies can be classified by many factors including ___________ (glistening vs dull)

pigmentation

Bacterial colonies can be classified by many factors including ___________ (Nonpigmented, purple, red, yellow)

optical property

Bacterial colonies can be classified by many factors including _________ ________ (opaque, translucent, transparent)

neutral

Most pathogenic bacteria grow best at an (ACIDIC/NEUTRAL/ALKALINE) pH

mesophiles

Most pathogenic bacteria are (PSYCHOTROPHS/MESOPHILES/THERMOPHILES)

obligate aerobes

A.

Obligate anaerobes

B.

facultative anaerobes

C.

aerotolerant anaerobes

D.

C

Most pathogenic bacteria are _. Facultative anaerobes.

binary fission

Method of bacterial reproduction

generation time

The length of time required for a single bacterial cell to yield two daughter cells.

lag phase

1st phase

exponential phase

2nd phase

stationary phase

3rd phase

death phase

4th phase

1

The phase (#) of bacterial growth where there is increase in cell size, active metabolism of cells, but no division.

2

The phase (#) of bacterial growth where cells multiply at a maximal rate.

3

The phase (#) of bacterial growth where growth is ceased due to exhaustion of nutrients or accumulation of toxic products.

4

The phase (#) of bacterial growth where there is progressive death of cells.