Exam 2

what is the purpose of a food label

learning too to help consumers make healthier food choices
includes: ingredients, nutrition facts, additional labeling

where were changes made to food labeling

enable value comparisons and prevent unfair or deceptive packaging

what are health claims

state that describes a relationship between a food, food substance, or dietary supplement ingredient and reduces risk of disease

why include country of origin on food label

helps consumers make informed decision on purchasing items that may not regulate antibiotics and pesticides as the US does

what supplements are regulated by the FDA

dietary

current evidence for CBD oil

diminishes sensation of pain, can treat drug resistant epilepsy, improve sleep, anxiety and other stuff

standard for organic label

100% organic, without synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, food irradiation, organic feed, hormones, and antibiotics are prohibited

nutritional differences between organic and non-organic

organically grown foods are comparable to conventional grown foods on taste and nutritional value

what are function foods

foods that have a "purpose"
whole foods along with fortified, enriches, or enhanced foods that could potentially benefit health

what is nutrition science

food is used as a tool for optimizing health, preventing chronic disease, and delaying aging

when can antibiotics be used in animals

to treat an animal if they are sick, treat a group of sick animals, and prevent sickness if animal is at risk

food biotechnology benefits and new regulation

combine plant sciences with genetics, benefits the population, better nutritional value, resistance from time and viruses, alleviate world hunger

foodway

all aspects of food including what is edible, the role of certain food in a diet, how it's prepared, use of it, the # and timing of meals, how its eaten, and health benefits related

what is dietary aculturations-

eating patterns of people who move change to resemble those of the host country

why is cultural competence important

facilitates nutrition care consistent with the individual's attitudes, beliefs, and values

preventing foodborne illness with pregnancy

more at risk due to hormonal changes impacting immunity, prevention: avoid cold deli meat, unpasteurized juices cider and milk

how does maternal diabetes affect the fetus and the mom

pre-existing diabetes puts fetus at risk for premature, still birth, defects, hypoglycemia, and juadice. puts mom at risk for retinal or kidney disease, hypertension, or preeclampsia

important of iodine during pregnancy

neurocognitive development

important of calcium during pregnancy

the RDA does not change because the rate of absorption and retention increases dramatically

maternal obesity risks

preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, shoulder dystocia, c-section

maternal weight guiding principles

only gaining 30 extra pounds during pregnancy but it is determined based on pre-pregnancy weight

folic acid use during pregnancy

taken prior to conception decreases the risk of neural tube defects by as much as 2/3rds

caffeine use during pregnancy

300mg or less is okay, data does not suggest increased risks

alcohol use during pregnancy

can cause physical and neurological problems

sarcopenia

progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder
-accelerated loss of muscle mass
-severe functional declined

fraility

medical syndrome with multiple causes and contributions and characterized by diminished strength, endurance, and reduced physiological function

malnutrition in the elderly

impair quality of life and is strong predictor of short-term morality in older adults
-confusion, fatigue, and weakness

Alzheimer's diet research

Mediterranean-lower risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's

b12 in relation to elderly

RDA is unchanges, gastric acid goes down and freeing b12 from protein is decreased so supplements are recommended

protein for old people

increases, improves muscle mass and functioning or to recover from chronic disease or illness
decrease in severe kidney disease or liver failure

vitamin D for old people

necessary to achieve adequacy and support bone health

trends in US population for elderly

15% of population is 65 or older, older population is increasing and getting increasingly older

when is the national mandatory compliance date for foods that are bioenginered

jan 1 2022

antibiotic -free does not guarantee

animal does not carry anti-biotic resistant bacteria

what is food biotechnology

combines plant science with genetics to improve food with DNA genes

what is food irridiation

safely used to reduce and eliminate pathogens that can cause foodborne illness

what populations and household characteristics are at the high risk for food insecurities

poverty, household, single parent household, nonwhite households, and men or women living alone

culture has a _______ and ________ effect on food choices

profound and unconscious

core foods

provides a significant source of calories, and are regularly included in the diet on a daily bases

how does culture impact health beliefs

each culture has a unique point of view on life, health, and illness, and the meaning of each in society

why do we need to be culturally competent

facilitates nutrition care

iron deficiency during pregnancy

increase by at least 18mg daily due to increase in maternal blood volume and to bulk up infant's iron store in liver

what is the recommended about of fish consumption for a pregnant person

8 oz eating a variety

why would a pregnant person want to consume DHA

(omega 3 fatty acid) associated with improved infant visual and cognitive development

why can't a pregnant person clean out a litter box

toxoplasma gondii

what is PICA

eating non-food items such as dirt or clay

promoting breast feeding

social support and support from health care professionals influence success with breastfeeding

do caloric needs increase or decrease with age

decrease

how do men and women's iron needs change as they age

men stays the same but women's decrease after menopause

what is the MIND diet

mediterranean, dash intervention, neurodegenerative, delay diet

secondary foods

widely consumed by not on a daily basis

peripheral foods

eaten sporadically and based on preference not norms

how does culture define what is edible

to be labeled as food it must be readily available, safe, and nutritious enough to support reproduction; culture overrides flavor in determining what is offensive or unacceptable

natural sources of folic acid

leafy greens (spinach), asparagus, and avocado

risk factors for neural tube defects

obesity, maternal diabetes and mutations in folate-related enzymes

1st trimester, 2nd trimester, and 3rd trimester calorie increase for those with appropriate pre-existing weight

0; +340; +452

what are the systolic and diastolic numbers that would indicate gestational hypertension

140/90 or greater

nutritional needs during lactation are based on...

nutritional content of the breast milk

how many extra calories do women, who exclusively breast feed, approximately need

500

what amino acid to senior adults need

Leucine (amino acid)-> stimulates skeletal muscle synthesis

do fiber needs increase or decrease as you age

decrease

what does the healthy eating index show about older adults

they do not consume recommended amounts of : vegetables, fruits, dairy, whole grains, or seafood. overconsumption of refined grains, added sugar, saturated fat, and sodium
older women do not consume enough protein

healthy aging definition

no cognitive impairment, no physical disabilities, no mental health limitations

number one way to help yourself nutrition wise

nutritional screening

which 2 proteins malfunction for Alzheimer

amyloid beta and hyper-phosphorylated tau

diet substantiated actions to stop cognitive decline with age has decreased....

rate of Alzheimer by 53%

Alzheimer's affect on nutritional status

increase choking or food hoarding in mouth