Week 3 Day 2 Protists

What is the term for the study of protists?

Protistology.

Protists compose a biomass _____ that of animals.

double.

What are the three main ecological types used to classify protists?

Eukaryotic algae, protozoa, and fungus-like protists.

What nutritional mode characterizes algae?

Photoautotrophic.

What are two important products derived from red algae for use in the food industry and biology labs?

Agar and agarose.

The sushi wrapper known as Nori is made from which type of algae?

Sheetlike red algae.

They are heterotrophic, absorbing small organic molecules or preying on other organisms.

How do protozoa acquire nutrients?

They have threadlike filamentous bodies and absorb nutrients from environment

fungus like protists

What are two examples of fungus-like protists?

Water molds and slime molds.

What is the term for protists that swim or float in fresh or salt water? Includes bacteria, viruses and small animals

Plankton.

What is phytoplankton?

Photosynthetic, or 'plantlike,' plankton.

Communities of microorganisms attached by mucilage to underwater surfaces.

What is periphyton?

A protist that moves using one or more flagella is known as a _____?

flagellate.

a protist that moves by means of cilia, which are tiny hairlike extensions on the outside of the cell.

How does a ciliate move?

Extensions of cytoplasm that are pushed out into filaments or lobes that are used for movement by the amoebae

What are pseudopodia?

What is the common name for Naegleria fowleri?

The brain-eating amoeba.

How does Naegleria fowleri typically enter the human body?

Through contaminated water being aspirated through the nose.

What is the function of the eyespot (stigma) in Euglenoids?

It is a red structure that detects light.

What unique organelle, a large mass of DNA, is characteristic of kinetoplastids?

A kinetoplast.

The kinetoplastid Trypanosoma brucei is responsible for causing what disease in humans?

Sleeping sickness.

What are two health problems caused by the kinetoplastid Leishmania?

Ulcerative skin disease and organ damage.

What is the most common cause of waterborne disease, often caused by a metamonad protist?

Giardia intestinalis.

What is the most common nonviral STI globally, caused by a metamonad protist?

Trichomoniasis (Trich), (caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. But don't study this part)

A mode of nutrition where an organism consumes particles by phagocytosis.

What is phagotrophic nutrition?

A mode of nutrition involving the uptake of small organic molecules that pass through the cell membrane.

What is osmotrophic nutrition?

A protist that can switch between photoautotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition is called _____?

mixotrophic.

Spear-like bodies ejected from some protist cells when they are disturbed.

What are extrusomes?

The ability of some protists to emit flashes of blue light when disturbed.

What is bioluminescence in protists?

A structure with a thick, protective wall that can remain dormant during unfavorable conditions.

What is a cyst in the context of protist reproduction?

What major evolutionary development regarding reproduction first arose among protists to produce diverse genotypes and introduce different types of life cycles

Eukaryotic sexual reproduction.

In the life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum (malaria), how do different life cycle stages increase disease transmission?

Different stages of the life cycle infect different hosts (e.g., humans and mosquitoes).

How is the protist parasite that causes toxoplasmosis typically acquired by humans?

By eating undercooked meat or through contact with infected cat feces. (Because cat eats mice which has parasite, then cat poops then you inhale the litter box by accident so then you get the parasite)

The protist that causes Leishmaniasis is spread by the bites of what insect?

Infected sandflies.

What is the most common form of Leishmaniasis, which causes skin ulcers?

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Which form of Leishmaniasis is usually fatal and characterized by fever, weight loss, and an enlarged spleen and liver?

Visceral Leishmaniasis.

What two main types of illness are caused by Cryptosporidium?

Respiratory and gastrointestinal illness (watery diarrhea and/or persistent cough).

a diverse group of single-celled (mostly) eukaryotic organisms that aren't animals, plants, or fungi is called

a protist

importance of algae (3)

1. produce oxygen

2. source of food for heterotrophs

3. important source of renewable biofuels

why do plankton float

because they need to be closer to the sun for energy

3 protists for motility

1. flagellate

2. ciliate

3. amoeba

ribbon like protein strips allow ____ to crawl through mud

euglenoids

attack cells of animal hosts to absorb food molecules

metamonads

what are the 4 mechanisms of nutrition

1. phagotrophic

2. osmotrophic

3. photoautotrophic

4. mixotrophic

Which form of Leishmaniasis affects mouth, nose and throat and destroys mucus membrane

Mucocutaneous

3 forms of Leishmaniasis

1. Visceral

2. Cutaneous

3. Mucocutaneous