Chapter 27 World War I

Nationalism

Identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, often to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.

Imperialism

The extension of a nation’s power over other lands, leading to competition and conflict.

Militarism

The aggressive preparation for war, including mobilizing troops and supplies.

Alliances

Unions formed for mutual benefit, particularly between countries during conflicts.

Conscription

A military draft that was a regular practice in many Western countries during WWI.

Propaganda

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.

Trench warfare

Fighting from ditches protected by barbed wire, typical during WWI.

War of attrition

A strategy focused on wearing down the opponent through constant attacks and heavy losses.

Total war

A war that involves complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting all citizens.

Planned economies

Economic systems directed by government agencies to mobilize resources for war efforts.

Unrestricted submarine warfare

Germany's naval policy of sinking ships without warning, including civilian vessels.

Lusitania

A British ship sunk by Germany, leading to significant civilian casualties and escalating tensions.

Bolsheviks

A group that seized power in Russia in 1917, leading to the establishment of a communist state.

Communism

A political and economic system advocating collective ownership and the absence of social classes.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The treaty that ended Russia’s involvement in WWI, resulting in significant territorial losses.

Red Army vs. White Army

The opposing forces in the Russian Civil War; the Red Army supported the Bolsheviks, while the White Army was opposed.

Armistice

An agreement to end fighting; signed by Germany near the end of WWI.

Mandate

A territory governed temporarily by another country on behalf of the League of Nations.

Reparation

Payments made by the vanquished to cover the costs of war, particularly by Germany after WWI.

Wilson's Fourteen Points

President Wilson's proposal for a peace settlement aiming for a just and lasting peace after WWI.

Treaty of Versailles

The most significant treaty ending WWI, imposing harsh penalties on Germany, including reparations and military restrictions.

War guilt clause

Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, assigning blame for the war solely to Germany and Austria.

Impact on Ottoman Empire

The disbandment of the Ottoman Empire post-WWI, leading to Western control over Arab territories.