GYN Unit 1 Part 1 Uterus, Cervix, Tubes + Ovaries

Where does the cervix project into?

The vaginal canal

What is the Endocervix/ Cervical Canal?

• communicates with uterine cavity by internal os; vagina by external os

What is the exocervix continuous with?

Continuous with the vagina

What is determined as the fundus of the uterus?

• Extension above fallopian tube insertion

• Cornua: lateral borders of fundus

What is determined as the body division of the uterus?

Upper two-thirds

What does the body of the uterus contain?

• Smooth muscle

• Contains the endometrium

What is determined as the cervix division of the uterus?

Lower one-third

What does the cervix contain?

• Fibroelastic tissues

• Internal os

• External os

What is prepubertal and the normal size?

• Not gone through puberty

• 3 X 1 X 1 cm

What is premenarchal and what is the normal size?

• Just before mentral

• 1-3 cm X 0.5-1cm

What is Menarchal and the normal size?

• Fertile Age

• 6-8 cm X 3-5 cm

• with multiparity it increases in size by 1-2 cm

What is postmenopausal and the normal size?

• After menstual age

• 3.5-5.5 cm X 2-3 cm

What is the Premenarche ratio?

1:2

What is this image of?

Premenarche Uterus

What is this image showing?

Nulliparous- ratio 2:1

What is this image showing?

Multiparous- ratio 2:1

What are the three layers of the uterus?

• Perimetrium (outer)

• Myometrium (middle)

• Endometrium (inner)

What is the Perimetrium?

• Serosal covering

• Becomes the broad ligament

What is the myometrium?

• Majority of uterus

• Smooth muscle

  • Longitudinal

  • Circular

• Thick

• Expandable

What are the yellow arrows showing?

Myometrium

What is the appearance of the endometrium determined by?

Hormone secretions of the ovaries and pituitary gland

What are the two layers of the Endometrium?

• Zona Functionalis

• Zona Basalis

What is the functional layer of the endometrium?

• Superficial Layer

  • Glands

  • Stroma

What is the functional layer of the endometrium supplied by?

Spiral arteries and veins

What does the functional layer do?

• Prepares for implantation

• Ischemic and sheds during menses

What is the basal layer of the endometrium?

• Thin

• Blind ends of glands

What is the basal layer of the endometrium supplied by?

Straight arteries and veins

What is an anteversion position?

Fundus is directed anteriorly

What is the retroversion position?

Fundus is directed posteriorly

What if flexion of the uterus?

Acute bend between body and cervix

What are the two flexions of the uterus?

• Anteflexed

• Retroflexed

Distension of bladder may shift the appearance of what?

Uterus

What is the definition of Adnexa?

The structure or tissue next to or near another related structure

The ovaries and the fallopian tubes are ______ of the uterus?

adnexa

The fallopian tubes extend ______ from cornu

Laterally

What do the fallopian tubes transport?

Ova from ovary to uterus

What is the size of the fallopian tubes?

10-12 cm

Where are the fallopian tubes located?

Within broad ligaments

What is the vascular supply of the fallopian tubes?

Ovarian arteries/ veins

What is the internal mucosa of the fallopian tubes?

• Circular layer of muscle fibers

What is the middle layer of the fallopian tubes?

• Muscular Layer

What is the outer layer of the fallopian tubes?

• Serosa

• Peritoneum

What is the shape and size of the ovaries?

• Almond Shaped

• Approximately 3 cm long

What is the Ovarian Fossa?

• External iliac vessels

• Ureter

• Obturator nerve

What is the vascular supply of the Ovaries?

• Dual blood supply

  • Ovarian artery

  • Uterine artery 

• Ovarian vein

What is the normal volumes?

• premenarchal: 3 cc

• Menstrating: 10 cc

• Postmenopausal: 6 cc

• Volume Formula: (L X W X D) x .523=cc

What is the cortex of the Ovaries?

• Outer layer

• Consists of follicles

• Functioning unit

• Tunica albuginea

What is the medulla of the ovaries?

• Central area

• Connective tissue

• Blood Vessels

• Lymphatic vessels

• Nerves

What is this image showing?

An Ovary

What is Ovum?

• Reproductive cell

• All ova begin in embryonic life

• Some mature

• Remaining die

What is the hormone estrogen secreted by?

Secreted by follicles

What is the hormone progesterone secreted by?

Secreted by corpus luteum

What do the hormones of the ovaries do?

• Maintain secondary gender characteristics

• Prepare uterus for implantation

• Development of mammary glands