Chapter 7 - Quality Assessment and Management in the Urinalysis Laboratory

Improving Organizational Performance (IOP)

________ includes work and management processes for the various departments of an organization to work together.

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments

________ ‘ 88 (CLIA 88) stipulate that all laboratories that perform testing on human specimens for the purposes of diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, or screening must be licensed and obtain a certificate from the CLIA program that corresponds to the complexity of tests performed.

Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)

________ aims to improve patient outcomes by providing continual quality care in a constantly changing health- care environment, and it is visualized using flowcharts, cause- and- effect diagrams (fishbone diagrams), pareto charts, histograms, run charts, control charts, and scatter diagrams.

QA

Included in a(n) ________ program are procedure manuals, internal quality control and external quality control, standardization, proficiency testing (PT), record keeping, equipment maintenance, safety programs, training, education and competency assessment of personnel, and a scheduled and documented review process.

Six Sigma Quality Management

________ emphasizes a more quantitative methodology utilizing power function graphs, critical- error graphs, and OPSpecs charts.

plan, design, measure, assess and improve

The five essential elements for performance improvement, known as PDMAI, provides standards PI.1 through PI.5 (________) to outline a specific cycle for improving performance.

Waived tests

________ are considered easy to perform and interpret, require no special training or educational background, require only a minimum of standardization and QC, and are not considered critical to immediate patient care.

Assess

________ (PI.4): The hospital uses a systematic process to ________ collected data.

Total Quality Management (TQM)

________ is a systematic problem-solving approach using visual tools to identify the steps in the process for meeting customer satisfaction of quality care in a timely manner at reduced costs.

Plan

________ (PI.1): The hospital has a planned, systematic, hospital- wide approach to process design and performance measurement, assessment, and improvement.

Tests are assigned to the following categories

waived, provider-performed microscopy, moderate complexity, and high complexity

Plan (PI.1)

The hospital has a planned, systematic, hospital-wide approach to process design and performance measurement, assessment, and improvement

Design (PI.2)

New processes are designed well

Measure (PI.3)

The organization has a systematic process in place to collect data

Assess (PI.4)

The hospital uses a systematic process to assess collected data

Improve (PI.5)

The hospital systematically improves its performance

a root cause analysis and an action plan

Sentinel events must be reported to the JCAHO within 45 days of the event and must include ________.

Plan-Do-Check/Study-Act (PDCA/PDSA)

The most widely used plan for quality improvement in health care is the ________.

±2 SD or ±3 SD

The standard deviations of every control measurement are plotted on Levy-Jennings control charts to visually monitor control values, and it should be within ________ of the mean.

internal laboratory quality improvement form

Any problems and corrective actions leading to problems in such should be documented in a(n) ________.

Quality assessment (QA)

________ refers to the overall process of guaranteeing quality patient care and is regulated throughout the total testing system.