Anatomy 2300 - Unit 1: Overview of Anatomy

Overview of Anatomy - overview of anatomy, major body systems, anatomical terminology, body, planes, cavities, quadrants

Regional Anatomy

Systemic Anatomy

Gross anatomy, embryology, histology, neuroanatomy

Gross anatomy

study of structures without the need of a microscope

embryology

study of the development of structures from fertilization until birth

histology

study of human body and its structures at the microscopic level

Neuroanatomy

study of the structures of the nervous system

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

levels of structural organization

bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints

skeletal system components

protection, hematopoiesis, storage, leverage

skeletal system functions

movement, heat (thermogenesis)

Muscular system functions

cardiac, smooth (involuntary), skeletal (voluntary)

three types of muscle tissue

heart, blood vessels, blood

Cardiovascular/circulatory system components

transportation system for body, oxygen and nutrients, dispose CO2 and waste, hormones

Cardiovascular/circulatory system function

lymph vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, bone marrow

Lymphatic system components

filtration, fluid control, immunity

Lymphatic system functions

brain, spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs

Nervous system components

communication, maintain homeostasis

Nervous system functions

hormone producing glands and cells

Endocrine system components

maintain homeostasis, communication

endocrine system functions

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Respiratory system components

gas exchange

Respiratory system function

Ailmentary canal/GI tract, salivary glands, liver, galbladder, pancreas

Digestive system components

breakdown of food for absorption, elimination of waste

Digestive system functions

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Urinary system components

filter blood, produce/eliminate waste

Urinary system functions

procreation, produce hormones, form germ cells, house developing embryo

Reproductive system functions

uterus, vagina, ovaries, fallopian, tubes, external genitalia

Female reproductive components

penis, testes, scrotum, duct system, glands

Male reproductive components

skin, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair, nails

Integumentary system components

protection, temperature regulation, sensation, waste elimination

Integumentary functions

supine

lying on back of body

prone

lying on front of the body

Anterior/ventral

toward/near the front of the body

Posterior/dorsal

toward/near the back of the body

Superior

toward/near the head end or upper part of the body or a structure

Inferior

Away/further from the head end of upper part of the body or structure

Medial

nearer to the midline of the body

Lateral

further from the midline of the body

Superficial

towards or at the body’s surface

Deep

away from the body’s surface

Proximal

closer to the origin of the body part

• LIMBS - closer to the attachment of the limb to the trunk

• GI TRACT - closer to the mouth

Distal

further from the origin of the body part

• LIMBS - further from the attachment of the limb to the trunk

• GI TRACT - further from the mouth

Unilateral

Relating to only one side of a structure or of the bdy

Bilateral

relating to both sides of a structure or of the body

Ipsilateral

on the same side of the body

Contralateral

on the opposite side of the body

axial, appendicular

Two divisions of the body

Axial

head, neck, trunk

arm, forearm

two major regions of the upper limb

thigh, leg

two major regions of the lower limb

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

midsagittal plane

divides body into equal left and right halves

parasagittal planes

divides body into unequal left and right parts

frontal/coronal plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Transverse/horizontal plane

divides body into superior and inferior parts

Dorsal body cavity

cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

Ventral body cavity

viscera - internal organs

Abdominopelvic quadrants

vertical and horizontal lines intersect at the umbilicus (belly button)