\________ are polymers formed by linking monomers together through dehydration reactions.
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Surface tension Surface tension
\________ allows water to be resistant to external forces, due to the cohesive nature of water molecules to one another instead of the surrounding molecules in the air.
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Thymine
\________ and cytosine- a type of nitrogenous base called a pyrimidine, contain a single- ring structure.
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Chitin
\________- an important part of the exoskeletons of arthropods such as insects, spiders and shellfish.
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Anion
\________- ion with negative charge; composed of more electrons than protons.
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structural components
Functions in the body- serve as \________; transport aids, enzymes, and cell signals.
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Compounds
\________- molecules that are composed of more than one element.
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Electrons
\________ shared between the hydrogen and oxygen molecules are closer to the oxygen molecule due to its electronegativity.
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Adenine
\________ and guanine- a type of nitrogenous base called a purine, contain a double ring structure.
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Animes
\________- Compounds containing amino groups; act as bases, and can pick up protons from acids.
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Glycogen
\________ is formed by linking many glucose molecules together.
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Organic
\________ compounds- contain carbon and usually hydrogen; Inorganic compounds do not.
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Elements
\________ can be combined to form molecules.
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DNA
While \________ exists as a double strand, RNA is a single- stranded entity.
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James D Watson
Scientists \________ and Francis H.C. Crick- given credit for realizing that DNA was arranged in what they termed a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds.
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Starch
\________- made solely of glucose molecules linked together, is the storage form of choice for plants.
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Animals
\________ store much of their carbohydrate energy in the form of glycogen, often found in liver and muscle cells.
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Hydrophobic
\________ and insoluble in water as they contain a hydrocarbon tail of CH2S that is nonpolar and repellant to water.
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Macromolecules
\________- assembled via dehydration synthesis (A reaction that forms a covalent bond between two monomer units while releasing a water molecule in the process)
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Matter
\________- anything that has mass and takes up space.
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positive charge
Cation- ion with \________; composed of more protons than electrons.
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Chemical reactions
\________ in humans function at or near a neutral pH; exceptions- the \________ involving some of the enzymes of the digestive system.
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Hydrolysis
\________ the process by which the covalent bonds between monomer units are broken by the addition of water.
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Disaccharide
\________- sugar consisting of two or more monosaccharides bound together.
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Fats
\________- lipids made by combining glycerol and three fatty acids- used as long term energy stores in cells.
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Monosaccharide
\________- simple sugar, the purest form of a carbohydrate.
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Cellulose
\________- a compound composed of many glucose molecules, used by plants in the formation of their cell walls.
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neutral charge
Non Polar molecules- \________ due to equal sharing of electrons.
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
\________ (DNA)- composed of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
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Evaporative
\________ cooling* The surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation as a result of water absorbing energy in the form of heat.
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pH scale
The \________- used to indicate how acidic or basic a solution is.
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Atom
\________- the smallest form of an element that still displays particular properties.
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carbonyl group
A(n) \________ makes a compound hydrophilic (water- loving, reacting well with water) and polar (a molecule that has an unequal distribution of charge, which creates a positive and negative side to the molecule)
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Ion
\________- An atom with a negative or positive charge.
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genetic molecules
(Glucose- C6H12O6)* Monosaccharides with five carbons (C5H10O5) are used in compounds such as \________ (RNA) and high- energy molecules (ATP)
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oxygen molecule
Inorganic compound consisting of one \________ covalently bonded to two hydrogen bonds.
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strand of DNA
Each \________ consists of a sugar- phosphate (sugar- deoxyribose) backbone that keeps the nucleotides connected with the strand.
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Phospholipids
\________- amphipathic structures- they have both a hydrophobic tail (a hydrocarbon chain) and a hydrophilic head (the phosphate group)* Major component of cell membranes; hydrophilic phosphate group- forms the outside portion, hydrophobic tail- forms the interior of the wall.
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Quaternary structure
\________- the arrangement of separate polypeptide subunits into a single protein.
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Adenine
\________ always pairs with thymine (A\= T) held together by two hydrogen bonds; guanine always pairs with cytosine (C≡G) held together by three hydrogen bonds.
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Macromolecules
\________- made of single units called monomers that are joined together by covalent bonds to form large polymers, such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
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Compounds
\________ containing carboxyl groups are known as carboxylic acids.
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Flashcard (126)