wefhlelw8jnweljfnewjf TEST ONE

(T OR F)Mixed semidiurnal tides are characterized by two daily high tides, one higher than the other.

T

(T OR F)A full tidal cycle lasts for 24 hours

F

(T OR F)The highest part or top of a wave is called the crest

T

(T OR F)The major surface currents of the oceans rotate counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

T

(T OR F)The Ekman spiral occurs as a result of Salinity.

F

(T OR F)The secchi disk is used to indirectly estimate the type of light that is absorbed by water.

F

Gyres are Affected by the Coriolis effect only in the Northern Hemisphere.

F

(T OR F)Bioluminescence is observed in dinoflagellates.

T

(T OR F)An algal bloom is defined as mass reproduction of algal cells.

T

(T OR F)Cyanobacteria belong to protist group

F

(T OR F)Decay Bacteria carry out photosynthesis

F

(T OR F)Pressure increases with depth by adding one atmosphere of pressure for every 10 meters of depth.

T

(T OR F)Trade winds Diverge from the Equator at a 90 degrees angle.

F

(T OR F)Bacteriophages are types of Viruses.

T

(T OR F)Marine fungi are parts of lichens that live on rocky shores.

T

1. The largest percentage of the world ocean is found in the:
A. Northern hemisphere.
B. Southern hemisphere.
C. Eastern hemisphere.
D. Western hemisphere.
E. The ocean is evenly distributed

B. Southern hemisphere.

2. Which of the following does not apply to protozoans?
A. Multicellular
B. Their name derives from "first animals"
C. Some are heterotrophs
D. Are included among the Protista
E. Some are autotrophs

A. Multicellular

3. Generally the dominant group of planktonic primary producers in cold water:
A. Foraminiferans
B. Silicoflagellates
C. Dinoflagellates
D. Photosynthetic bacteria
E. Diatoms

E. Diatoms

4. Which of the following are considered to be extremophiles due to the habitats they exist in?
A. Marine lichens
B. Diatoms
C. Archaea
D. Radiolarians

C. Archaea

5. The heat capacity of water is ______________ compared with other naturally occurring substances.
A. High
B. Low
C. Equal
D. Fluctuates by location
E. None of the above

A. High

6. Which of the following is the state of water at a temperature of 4ºC ?
A. Boiling point of water
B. Maximum density of water
C. Freezing point of water
D. Condensation point of water

B. Maximum density of water

7. The rule of constant proportions expresses that:
A. Salinity varies with geographical location.
B. The percentage of sodium varies with depth.
C. The percentage of chlorine varies with geographical location.
D. The relative concentration of ions does not change.

D. The relative concentration of ions does not change.

8. Water is unusual because it is less dense as a solid than a liquid. This is important for marine organisms because:
A. A layer of ice insulates organisms beneath it.
B. If ice was more dense, the oceans would freeze from the bottom and remain frozen leaving no available space.
C. Cold water holds less oxygen than warm water.
D. All of the above.
E. A and B only.

E. A and B only.

9. The Coriolis effect is the direct result of one of the following:
A. Temperature.
B. Gravitational pull of the sun.
C. Ocean currents.
D. Rotation of the earth.
E. Wind.

D. Rotation of the earth.

10. The factor that most affects wind patterns in the atmosphere of the earth:
A. Depth of the sea.
B. Clouds.
C. Temperature.
D. Volcanoes.
E. Gravitational pull of sun and moon.

C. Temperature.

11. Bacteria that make their own organic compounds by obtaining energy from chemical compounds and not directly from light are known as:
A. Heterotrophic
B. Decay
C. Photosynthetic
D. Protists
E. Chemosynthetic

E. Chemosynthetic

12. Organisms having a shell made of silica (SiO2):
A. Foraminiferans
B. Stromatolites
C. Cyanobacteria
D. Diatoms
E. Ciliates

D. Diatoms

13. Which of the following can be dangerous to human health?
A. Diatoms
B. Dinoflagellates
C. Radiolarians
D. All of the above
E. A and B only

E. A and B only

14. Dinoflagellates that live in association with reef-building corals and other animals are known as:
A. Zooxanthellae
B. Zooplankton
C. Silicoflagellates
D. Bioluminescent dinoflagellates
E. Cryptomonads

A. Zooxanthellae

15. Generally the dominant group of planktonic primary producers in cold water:
A. Foraminiferans
B. Silicoflagellates
C. Dinoflagellates
D. Photosynthetic bacteria
E. Diatoms

E. Diatoms

1. High latent heat of melting:

the amount of heat required to melt a substance.

2. Lysogenic viruses:

reproduce by inserting their DNA into the DNA of the host cell

3. Keystone predator:

whose effect on their communities much greater than their abundance

4. Thermohaline circulation:

the type of circulation driven by changes in density which is determined by the temperature and salinity

5. Meiofauna:

Organisms that are so small that they live between the trains of soft substrate so these organisms can be ether sessile or motile

6. Radiolarians:

Radiolarians phylum Radiolaria are planktonic marine protozoans that secrete elaborate and delicate skeletons made of glass silica and other materials

Compare between the following: 1-Bacteria 2-Dinoflagellates 3-Fungi *-Major cell wall and cell membrane components *- Mode of nutrition

1. Cell wall of peptidoglycan containing muramic acid and chains of amino sugars, and amino acids in cyanobacteria
2. Cell membrane secretes cellulose plates thecae.

3. Chitin and other compounds
------------------------
1-autotrophs and heterotrophs, nitrogen fixers
Variety types of food

2-Starch , oil
3-Variety types of food

what are the driving forces of tides? Define the three types of tides.

Gravitational force is the force that affects the tides. The tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun and by the rotations of the Earth, moon, and sun. Waters on the side of the earth closer to the moon are pulled towards the moon, causing a high tide. Waters on the far side of the earth are pushed away from the moon, causing a low tide.
The three types of tides:
1. Semidiurnal: There are two high tides and two low tides a day.
2. Diurnal: occur when there is only one high tide and one low tide every day.
3. Mixed Semidiurnal: when two successive high tides of different heights

Ocean is stratified into three layers:

Layer Depth features
Surface layer - from surface to about 200 meters -In this layer stays well mixed most of the year
Intermediate layer - from 200 - 1500 m - Shows sharp temperature change (thermocline) is located here
Bottom layer - below 1500 m - low mixing and normally uniformly cold

What is the definition of spring tides and neap tides and how organisms are affected by tides?

1. Spring tides: the tides with the large tidal range, they occur around the time of full or new moon
2. Neap tides: the tides with the least tidal range, they occur when the moon is in quarter
During tidal changes, water flow contributes to significant water mixing, which often affects species there is Many species replicate themselves in conjunction with the tides.

Write the adaptation strategy acquired by the following organisms to cope with wave shock.
1-Organisms
2-Seaweeds-
3-Barnacles-
4-Mussels-
5-Mobile animals-
6-The giant green sea-

1. use holdfast or encrust on rocks barnacles
2. Secure themselves with glue
3. byssal threads
4. often cling strongly to the rocks
5. Their compact shape helps them to reduce of waves