Health and Wellness as Ecosystem Services

Mangroves

Mangroves

________ protect coastal areas from storm surges and provide habitat for marine animals.

Loss of biodiversity

________ can alter or disrupt these provisioning services, resulting in health effects.

Wetlands

________ and soil microbiomes ensure that waste produced by living systems are treated and contained so it does not contaminate communities and ecosystems.

Plants

________ produce secondary metabolites that attract or discourage herbivores, or provide relief for ailments.

Forests

________ provide food, oxygen, carbon sinks, livelihood, etc.

dilution

They are controlled through "________ "or through predator- prey interactions.

behavioral patterns of living

Can disrupt ecosystems, resulting in changersin adaptations and /or ________ organisms.

clean water

Food, ________, fuel, wood → are provisioning services that sustain organisms that make up the ecosystem.

cleanliness

Regulating- regulates climate, diseases, ________, flood, and other hazard controls.

Acceleration

________ of technological change that requires new energy sources, which causes an increase in consumption of electricity.

Ecosystems

________ are sources of traditional medicine and raw materials for pharmacological research.

material environment

Living systems are tightly connected to their physical and ________.

complex interaction

It is provided by a(n) ________ of living systems and the ecosystem, as well as the hydrologic cycle.

diverse ecosystem

Thus, a(n) ________ provides foot nutrition by delivering various choices essential for growth, good health, and well- being of various organisms.

Healthy Ecosystems

________ are able to regulate and control diseases, as well as contribute to wellness.

Water quality

________ and quantity is influenced by the quantity and quality of vegetation and forests.

healthy ecosystem →

A(n) ________ consists of various organisms engages in complex sets of relationships with other living systems and it environment.

Microbial diversity

________ and a balanced ecosystem within the intestinal gut are essential for health maintenance.

Human health

________ is influenced by the health of the ecosystem, including the plants and animals that they interact with.

health of communities

The ________ is largely defined by interactions between people and their environment.

Wetlands

________ ensure clean water, safeguarding against water- borne infectious organisms.

Loss of biodiversity

________, resulting in a reduction in ecosystem services.

Healthy Ecosystems

________ ensure proper provisioning services.

Provisioning

provides food, water, fuel, wood, etc

Regulating

regulates climate, diseases, cleanliness, flood, and other hazard controls

Cultural or Aesthetic

spiritual, educational and recreational purposes

Supporting

includes nutrient cycling, producing, etc

Note

the first three directly benefit all living systems, including humans, while supporting services are needed to ensure that the first three services are sustained

A healthy ecosystem

Consists of various organisms engages in complex sets of relationships with other living systems and it environment

Regulating services

Ensures quality of air, water and soil. Controls diseases and risks, including environmental hazards.

Ecosystem Services

Provisioning for Nutrition and Food Security and Regulating Services that Impacts on Health

Deforestation consequences

Loss of species that are highly specialized in microhabitats within the forests and the Loss of other species dependent or interacting with other species that have become extinct

Urbanization consequences

• Increase in total carbon emission

• Acceleration of technological change that requires new energy sources, which causes an increase in consumption of electricity

• Emergence of the chemical industry

• Massive urbanization and population explosion