Honors Programming 2 (2025-2026)

constant

stays the same after first declaration; swift syntax (let)

variable

value can be changed after declaration; swift syntax (var)

implicit

implied, but not plainly expressed

explicit

clearly stated, leaving no room for doubt

type inference

compiler infers data type of non explicit variables/constants by initial value

string interpolation

convert value of other data types to a string by using a backslash and parentheses

closed range operator

used to define a range that includes start and end values ( … )

half-open range operator

used to define a range that does not include the upper value ( ..< )

wild card

used in a for loop definition when knowledge of the current iteration is not needed inside the loop body ( _ )

module

single unit of code distribution, like a framework or application

nil-coalescing

used to provide a default value when an optional is nil (??)

Git

a distributed version control system for developers

GitHub

developer platform built on top of Git and serves to store code repositories, allowing users to create, store, edit, and share code

repository

local or remote storage location for source code and other files

clone

copy a repository

add

add a file to a commit

commit

saves a snapshot of changes to a repository with a description

push

copies a commit to a repository (usually a remote repository)

pull

retrieves commit from a repository (also usually a remote repository)

intersection(_:)

method to create a new set with only the values common to both sets

symmetricDifference(_:)

method to create a new set with values in either set, but not both

union(_:)

method to create a new set with all of the values in both sets

subtracting(_:)

method to create a new set with values not in the specified set

isSubset(of:)

method to determine whether all of the values of a set are contained in the specified set

isSuperset(of:)

method to determine whether a set contains all of the values in a specified set

isStrictSubset(of:)

method to determine whether a set is a subset, but not equal to, a specified set

isStrictSuperset(of:)

method to determine whether a set is a superset, but not equal to, a specified set

isDisjoint(with:)

method to determine whether two sets have any values in common

operating system (OS)

software that supports the device's basic functions like controlling peripherals and executing applications

peripheral

auxiliary device that communicates with a computer (mouse, scanner, external storage

protocol

system of rules and/or procedures to be followed for specific situations

Software Development Kit (SDK)

set of software development tools that allows the creation of applications for a specific platform (computer system, video game console, operating system, etc.) and can include APIs

Android Development

process by which new applications are created for the Android operating system

dp

Density Independent Pixel, it varies based on screen density

sp

Scale Independent Pixel, scaled based on user's font size preference

px

standard pixel which maps to the screen pixel

in

inches, with respect to the physical screen size

mm

millimeters, with respect to the physical screen size

pt

point, which is 1/72 of an inch, with respect to the physical screen size

screen density

describes the resolution of the device in dpi format

dots per inch (dpi)

number of physical pixels per square inch on a device's screen

User Interface (UI)

means by which the user and a computer system interact

Manifest

central configuration file for an Android app that includes the name, icon, and permissions the app requires (AndroidManifest.xml)

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet made up of a protocol identifier (http) and resource name (example.com)

Universal Resource Identifier (URI)

string of characters used to enable interaction with representations of a resource using specific protocols

MIME Type (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions Type)

two-part identifier for file formats and format contents transmitted on the Internet

Explicit Intent

specific instruction to OS

Implicit Intent

OS presents a list of applications that can handle the task based on criteria

view

Android's basic building block for user interface components

framework

software providing generic functionality can be selectively changed by additional user-written code

recursion

method or function that calls itself (a recursive call)

base case

condition that stops a recursive call

Logcat

command-line tool that dumps a log of system messages, including stack traces when the device throws an error, and messages that you have written from your app with the Log class

stack trace

shows a list of method calls that lead to the exception being thrown, together with the filenames and line numbers where the calls happened

view

basic building block for user interface components.

framework

software providing generic functionality can be selectively changed by additional user-written code

Activity Lifecycle

is the different states Activity instances transition through during app use.