Soeffing Microbiology Exam 1

Pasteur

Pasteurization (milk), disproof of spontaneous generation, rabies, gooseneck flask

Leeuwenhock

“stole microscope”, father of microbiology

Koch

pure culture technique + solid culture media, etiology

Redi

flay maggot/meat studies

Lister

aseptic techniques

abiogenesis

life was created from non-living matter

characteristics of all living organisms

reproduce, metabolism, excretive, irritability, mutability

3 kingdom system

Haeckel, bacteria, archaea, eukarya

5 kingdom system

Whittaker - protista, fungi, animalia, monera, plantae

cell theory

cell is fundamental unit of life - Schwann + Schleiden

Ehlrich

chemotherapy

Edward Jenner

immunology/vaccinations

Koch’s postulates

presence, isolation, causation, reisolation

GT to one million

20 X x / 60

peptidoglycan cell wall

gives prokaryotic cells their shape and rigidity

mesosomes

folds on cytoplasmic membrane

capsule (slime layer)

not in prokaryotes

flagella

more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes

micrometer

basic unit of measurement

mycoplasms

small size, pleomorphism, lack cell wall completely

spiral shaped bacteria

spirilli, single cells

what is peptidoglycan made of?

NAG, NAM, peptide chain

gram-negative cell walls

lower % of PG

less susceptible to penicillin

decolorize

less resistant to physical disruption

gram-positive cell walls

higher % of PG

more susceptible to penicillin

do not decolorize

more resistant to physical disruption

spheroplast

lacking peptidoglycan

protoplast

lacking a cell wall

chemoheterotroph

chemicals; organic compounds

chemoautotroph

chemicals; inorganic compounds

photoautotroph

light; CO2

photoheterotroph

light; organic compounds

mesophiles

25 - 40

psychrophiles

0 - 30

thermophiles

41 - 122

aerobic

needs O2

anaerobic

no O2 needed

facultatively anaerobic

either with O2 or without O2

fastidious microorganisms

complex nutritional requirements

transverse binary fission

main form of reproduction

halobacteria

survive in areas of high salt conc

lag phase

cells still adjusting to environment

logarithmic phase

cells double

stationary phase

no gain or loss, inc in metabolic waste

decline

depletion of resources