KPER 1400 final exam

what is politics

how decisions are made and how power is used in society

How is leisure Political (big P politics)

formal governance, legislation, and public policy that directly shape leisure opportunities.

how is leisure political (small p politics)

informal power dynamics, personal choices, and "micro-politics" that occur within leisure settings.

what is power in leisure?

ability to control resources and opportunities in leisure

what are values in leisure?

beliefs about whats important (ie; team work, competition, fairness)

what is privilege in leisure

some groups have advantages and easier access to leisure opportunities

what is position in leisure

someone fits into society based on things like their demographic, culture, gender, race, income

what is intersectionality

different parts (layers) of our identity that give us more or less power in our leisure experiences

what is (re)production in leisure

means leisure can repeat/reinforce social norms and stereotypes

what is resistance in leisure

using leisure to challenge unfair norms or power structures

what is equality

everyone has access to same resources

what is equity

people get the support they need to succeed

what is social justice

creating a fair society by fixing unequal systems

how can you support social justice in leisure

learn about inequality, recognize our privilege, include others, speak up against unfairness

how can sport reproduce social norms

reinforce stereotypes and negative attitudes (sports only for men)

how can sport resist social norms

challenge stereotypes and support equality

what is the doll test

kids told to pick a good and bad doll out of a white and black, most picked white for those types of questions and then when asked which one to chose they often chose white because they associated the black doll as the bad one even if they were black children

what are the 5 phases of gender scholarship in leisure studies

male scholarship, compensatory stage, bifocal scholarship, feminist scholarship, gendered scholarship

what is male scholarship

early research about leisure that focused on men and assumed mens leisure experiences applied to women

what is the compensatory stage

research was still defined by men, but started including women studies

what is bifocal scholarship

research that looked at how gender influenced leisure experiences for men and women

what is feminist scholarship

research focused on womens experiences and recognizing society is shaped by gender inequality

what did the feminist scholarship say about leisure experiences

they cannot be universalized

what is gendered scholarship

research that sees society as fully shaped by gender recognizes there is no one male or female voice that exists

what are the main ideas of the feminist theory

ending patriarchy and promoting equality, empowerment, social change for women

what is patriarchy defined by

privilege, power, domination and the subordination/oppression of women

what are the 4 main feminist approaches

liberal, marxist, radical, socialist

Liberal

Focuses on achieving gender equality through legal reform and equal opportunities within existing social structures.

Marxist

Argues that women's oppression is a product of capitalism and will only be solved by dismantling private property and class systems.

Radical

Views patriarchy as the primary root of all social inequality and calls for a complete reordering of society to eliminate male supremacy.

Socialist

A dual-front approach that blames both capitalism and patriarchy, seeking to liberate women by reforming both the economy and society.

what is the ethic of care

idea the women prioritize caring for others before their own leisure time (kids, partner, themselves)

how does sport reinforce gender norms

reinforce stereotypes (ie; certain sports being masculine or feminine)

how does sport resist gender norms

challenge stereotypes when women or men participate in activities not traditionally expected for their gender

what is agency

the ability for people to make their own choices and decide how they respond to social situations

what is what is roller derby a good exampel of

women using sport as resistance and empowerment against gender stereotypes (lots of contact)

what is social class according to Mair 2013

way of showing differences between people based on resources and status in society

What categories of social class did Max Weber ascibe

upper, middle, working class

what is Habitus

how your class shaped your thoughts and behaviours

how does habitus differ from Mair and Webers definitions of social class

they have social class focusing on money/resources while habitus focuses on mindset and lifestyle

poverty

not enough money/resources

relative poverty

less than others in society

absolute poverty

no basic needs (food, shelter, clothing)

what populations in Canada are most likely to experience poverty

children, indigenous, older adults, newcomers, disabled people

what are the 4 causes of poverty according to the textbook

individual, familial, agency, structural

individual cause of poverty

personal choices (not finishing school)

familial cause of poverty

family background (growing up poor)

agency cause of poverty

actions of others (job loss from economy)

structural cause of poverty

system issues (lack of opportunities)

how does social class impact leisure participation

affects access to time, money and opportunities for leisure

ie; low income families may not afford sports/programs

what portion of the canadian population has a disability

27%

true or false all people who have a disibility have them at birth

false-some people are born with it while others aquire it

according to accessibile canada act what is disability

any impairment or limitation that makes it harder to fully participate in society

what is the biomedical model of disability

seeing disability as a problem in the person that needs to be fixed

what is the social model of diability

sees disability as caused by barrieres in society, not just the person

what is the role of language in shaping reality for disability inclusion

shapes how we see others, creates expectations, support people, limit people

what is handicaptivity

when language or attitudes make people feel hopless or limited

what was the purpose of the jenny sara activity

show how language changes our opinions and assumptions about people

what is the message assumption become reality video

assumptions can shape how people are treated and what opportunities they get

what is a strength based approach to disability and illness in healthcare

focus on strengths, interests, goals instated of only the problems

thereapeutic recreations invloves

purposeful planning, individualized programs, meaning leisure experiences

what is the difference between recreation therapist, recreation facilitators, recreation aides

rec therapist= asses and plans programs

rec facilitator=helps run program

rec aide= supports activities

which of the following is not one benefit of leisure participation learned through tr

any that reduced well-being or limits identity

true or false Identity can become shrunk when a person focuses heavily on rehabilitation and daily living tasks.

true

therapeutic recreation is

purposeful use of leisure to improve well being and quality of life

what do TR practitioners do

plan and run leisure activities to improve health, skills, quality of life

who do TR specialists work with

people with disabilities, illneses,injuries, other life challenges

which o fthe followign is not a form of thereapy

anything that is not used to support well-being

true or false language has no impact on how we view others, ouselves, and the world

false language strongly shaped how we think and act

what is sport

physical activity done for fitness, fun, social connection, competition

what are the different levels of sport

community/school, intercollegiate, professional

benefits of sport for the community

builds comunity, improves health, creates social connections, gives a sense of belonging

what is the relationship between sport and volunteerism

community sport depend on volunteers (parents of kids)

how does sport invlove/shape families

families spend time/money, adjust schedules, support kids

what are the most popular sports

Soccer, cricket, basketball, hockey, tennis, volleyball, table tennis, baseball, football/rugby, and golf.

what is sport for development

uses sport to improve society

what are the 5 objectives of sport for development

health, education, gender equality, social inclusion, peach building

how does sport reproduce discrimination and oppression

by reinforcing gender, rack, class stereotypes

how does sport resist discrimination and oppression and change them

by creating inclusive programs and alternative sports that challenge norms

name 5 sports you can do in winnipeg that are non-normative/resistant

frisbee, skateboarding, rock climbing, alternative/non-competivtive sports

what is the definition of outdoor recreation from campbell 2013

activities and experiences that happen in natural environments

what are the 4 ways to classify outdoor recreation according to campbell 2013

Natural environment focus (or not)

facility or nature based

nature or user oriented

consumptive or non-consumptive

hat are the 5 components of outdoor recreation according to Leopold (1969)? Give an example of each.

Collection of physical objects — picking berries or collecting rocks

Feeling isolated in nature — being alone while hiking

Fresh air and scenery — enjoying views while camping

Perception of nature — noticing sounds, smells, and beauty

Sense of responsibility for nature — picking up litter or protecting wildlife

what are the 4 stages of outdoor leisure experience

anticipation, planning, participation, recollection

define carrying capacity

max number of people an area can handle without damage or problems

what are 3 ways carrying capacity occurs

physical, ecological, psychological

physical carrying capacity (capacity of the built environment)

limits of buildings, trails, facilities

ecological carrying capacity (capacity of biological and physical components)

damage to plants, soil, animals

psychological carrying capacity (goal interference)

too many people reduces enjoyment

according to holden, what are 3 assumptions/myths about nature

nature is free from problems/corruption, it is pure and untouched, it is authentic and untouched

what are humans impacts on nature

litter

soil damage and erosion

damage to plants

harm to wildlife

changing animal behaviour

what are the benefits off being in nature according to bratman et al (2015)

Reduces stress

Improves mental health

Improves focus and thinking

Increases overall well-bein

what are baker et al critiques of outdoor leisure

Outdoor recreation is shaped by social ideas and stereotypes

Outdoor spaces are often exclusive and not welcoming to everyone

Outdoor images and advertising limit who feels included

Outdoor leisure needs to become more inclusive and diverse

what is dark leisure

leisure that breaks social rules/norms and is seen as deviant or taboo

deviance

behaviour that breaks social rules or norms

liminality

space or time outside normal rules where people can act differently

trangresive

actions that deliberately break social norms or expectations

identify the types of dark leisure

Dark Entertainment — horror movies

Dark Media — violent video games

Dark Attractions — haunted houses

Dark Events — extreme festivals

Dark Tourism — visiting disaster or death sites

Deviant Leisure — graffiti, tattoos, nudism

according to Butler, why is drag considered deviant/dark leisure

because it challenges traditional gender norms and shows gender as a performance

why are people motivated to do dark leisure

Enjoyment

Feeling unique or different

Resisting social norms

Feeling belonging to a group

Expressing individuality

Feeling powerful or superior