psych unit 6

developmental psych

the babinski reflex

occurs when the sole of an infant's foot is stroked, causing the toes to fan out and curl inward.

the moro reflex

occurs when an infant is startled and throws back its head, extends its arms and legs, cries, then pulls its arms and legs back in.

gross motor skills

larger movements (crawling and walking)

fine motor skills

smaller movements such as being able to hold a spoon

critical/sensitive period

a time peruod when an infant is most likely yo learn how to perform a specific skill

imprinting

when an animals forms an attatchment to the first moving object they see

adult physical development

early adulthood, physical peak , neuroplasticity decreases greatly during this time

jean piaget

conducted study on his children that proves development happens in stages. He identified four main stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.

sensorimotor development

the first stage in Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, occurring from birth to about 2 years of age, where infants learn about the world through their senses and actions.

preoperational development

the second stage in Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, occurring from approximately 2 to 7 years of age, characterized by the emergence of language and symbol use, but lacking logical reasoning.

conservation

an example of higher level mental processing, understanding two beakers have the same amount of liquid

egocentric

children have difficulty understanding the views of others

concrete and formal operational

stages in Piaget's theory following the preoperational stage, where children develop logical reasoning and abstract thinking.

phonemes

the smallest distinctive sound units that are distinguishable

morphemes

the smallest units of meaning in a language, which can be words or parts of words.

overgeneralization

when indivduals apply grammatical rules too broadly

authoritatian parents

tend to be extemely strict and demanding

authoritative parents

hold rules and expectations and expect obedience, but have communication

erik eriksons psychosocial development

trust vs mistrust- infants learn to trust their categories when their needs are consistently met

autonomy vs shame and doubt

toddlers develop interdependence by making simple choices and learning from the consequences of their actions.

initiative vs guilt

a child may feel doubt in their abilities if over controlled. they begin to take initiative in sociocial and cultural interactions and activities

industry vs inferiority

children strive to master skills and tasks, leading to a sense of pride and competence when successful; failure may result in feelings of inferiority.

identity vs role confusion

Adolescents explore their independence and develop a sense of self by navigating different roles and identities; confusion arises when they struggle to establish their own identity.

intimacy vs isolation

Young adults form deep relationships and develop a sense of intimacy; failure to do so can lead to feelings of isolation.

generativity vs stagnation

During middle adulthood, individuals strive to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by contributing to society and guiding the next generation; failure to do so may result in feelings of stagnation and unproductiveness.

integrity vs despair

In late adulthood, individuals reflect on their lives and either develop a sense of integrity if they view their life as meaningful, or despair if they regret missed opportunities and feel unfulfilled.

identity forclosure

ive made a choice without thinking

identity diffusion

idk or care what im supposed to do with my life

identity achievment

i though about it and i now know what i should do with my life

identity moratorium

im thinking about what i sh