Chapter 11 - Acid & Base Reactions In Water

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19 Terms

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Common Acids

Hydrochloric Acid - Stomach Acid (Strong)

Sulfuric Acid - In car batteries (strong)

Ethanoic Acid - Batteries, fertilizers (strong)

Carbonic Acid - Carbonated Drinks (weak)

Phosphoric Acid - Fertilizers, drinks (weak)

Citric Acid - In citrus fruits (weak)

Ascorbic Acid - In citrus fruits (weak)

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Common Bases

Sodium hydroxide - Oven cleaners (strong)

Ammonia - Fertilisers, explosives (weak)

Calcium hyrdoxide - Cement and mortar (strong)

Magnesium Hydroxide - For acid reflux (strong)

Sodium hydroxide - Powder, glass (strong)

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Alkalis

Soluble/aqueous bases

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Properties Of Acids

Turns litmus paper red

Tend to be corrosive

Taste Sour

Reacts With Bases

Solutions have low pH

Solution conducts an electrical current

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Properties Of Bases

Turns litmus paper blue

Caustic, Slippery

Taste bitter

Reacts with acids

Solutions have pH

Solution conducts electrical current

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Litmus Test

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Robert Boyle deduced acids based on:

Taste

Action as solvents

How they change the color of vegetable extracts

Soluble bases (alkalis) could reverse the effect of acids

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Antoine Lavoisier’s Suggestion

Acid properties due to Prescence of oxygen

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Sir Humphrey David’s Discovery

Acidic properties are associated with hydrogen

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Bronsted-Lowry Theory Of Acids and Bases

When substance donates (H+) proton - acid

When substance receives (H+) proton - base

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Conjugate Acid Pairs

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Amphiprotic Substances

Substance can receive or donate an electron - must have at least on hydrogen proton

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Monoprotic Substances

Can have only one hydrogen that can be donated (eg.HCI or H20)

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Polyprotic Acids

Acids that can donate more than one hydrogen atom

Don’t donate all protons at once

Donate protons in steps

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Ionization Energy Across Steps

Harder to loose hydrogen protons as steps increase, due to the increase of electrostatic attraction.

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Triprotic Acids

Have 3 protons that can be donated (done in three steps)

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Diprotic Acids

Have 2 protons (done through 2 steps)

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