Ap Biology unit 7 natural selection

What is natural selection

Organisms more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success.

What is genetic variation

Different allele frequences within a population leading to different options that could be beneficial or harmful to an organisms survival

Overpopulation leads to what?

Competition for survival

What is selection

When there is a change in allele frequencies over many generations

What is artificial selection

humans intentionally breed organisms with certain desired traits, leading to a loss of genetic variation in the new population

What is convergent evolution

two or more species that develop similar features despite not sharing a recent common ancestor.

What is divergent evolution

Two species diverge from a common ancestor and develop different characteristics and creates diversity within a species.

T/F evolution occurs in a population not within individuals

Ture

T/F When an species is in hardy Weinberg evolution is occurring

False

What is the 1st condition for Hard-Weinberg equilibrium

Large population size

What is the 2nd condition for Hard-Weinberg equilibrium

No mutations

What is the 3rd condition for Hard-Weinberg equilibrium

No gene flow aka migration

What is the 4th condition for Hard-Weinberg equilibrium

Random mating

What is the 5th condition for Hard-Weinberg equilibrium

No natural selection

Which of the following isn’t a condition for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

gene drift

What is an Assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg principle

A population's allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.

What represent a dominant allele in the Hardy-Weinberg equation

p

What represent a recessive allele in the Hardy-Weinberg equation

q

What is the Hardy Weinberg equation

p+q=1

p²+2pq+q²=1

What are the three types of evidence of evolution

Biochemical

Morphological

Biogeography

Biochemical Evidence is?

Analyzes relationship between the chemical process and molecules involved in metabolism growth and development of different organisms

What is Proteomics

The study of the structure, function and interactions of proteins in an organism. Analyzing two proteins and if they have similar structure

What is Morphological evidence?

they study of comparison of anatomical or structural features to identify the relatedness of species

What is a vestigial structure

physical structure in an organism that no longer serves its original purpose but is still present due to evolutionary history

What is embryology

the study of an a organisms form the fertilization of the egg to the formation of organs and body structures

What is Geological evidence

Fossil evidence that provides a record of the past life on earth and throughout evolution

What is geographical data

study of the distribution of living organism across span and time along with the factors that influence distribution

What is the law of superposition

in a sequence of undisturbed rode layers the eldest layers are at the youngest layers are at the top

What are phylogenetic trees

they represent species relationships and evolution over time

What is chromone comparisons

The comparision of the relatedness of species by comparing genes

Introns purpose

RNA processing can lead to the presence of introns as they provide the sights for recombination of genetic material and produce near exons and RNA splicing / can change the proteins relayed by exons

What is the difference between phylogenic trees Verus cladograms

Phylogenetic trees show how much time has passed

Cladograms show what changes have occurred from 1 organism to another

What do the branches/ clads of cladograms represent

A new species or certain group of species

What is cladistics

A method used to group organisms based on their connection to a common ancestor

What is speciation

The development of new species overtime

What are population

distinct groupings of the same species

What is allopatric speciation

When populations are physically separated causing reproductive isolation

What is sympatric speciation

The development of differences without reproductive isolation/ new species evolve from a common ancestor while sharing the same geographical area

What is fusion

When the reproductive barrier weakens and individuals can migrate populations sexually

What stabilization

Reproductive barriers exist but still allow for the formation of hybrids

How many prezygotic barriers are there to hybridization

6

What is the 1st barrier to prezygotic hybridization

Habitat isolation

What is the 2nd barrier to prezygotic hybridization

Temporal isolation

What is Temporal isolation

two species aren’t fertile at the same time

What is Habitat isolation

species don’t live in the same place

What is the 3rd barrier to prezygotic hydrbidization

Behavioral isolation

What is behavioral isolation

Mating/ corting behviors arent attractive to other species

What is the 4th barrier to prezygotic hybridization

Mechanical Isolation

What is mechanical isolation

It doesn’t fit

What is the 5th barrier to prezygotic hybridization

Gametic isolation

What is gametic isolation

Sperm and egg cells aren’t compatible and fertilization doesn’t occur

What is 1st barrier to post zygotic hybridization

Reduced hybrid viability

What is reduced hybrid viability

When an offspring cannot survive outside the womb

What is the 2nd barrier to postzygotic hybridization

Reduced hybrid fertility

What is reduced hybrid fertility

When the hybrid offspring cannnot sexually reproduce

What is the 3rd barrier to entry for postzygotic hybridization

Hybrid breakdown

What is hybrid breakdown

When the hybrid offsprings offspring cannot or can reproduce successfully, starting the species

What is adaptive radiation

When a population of individual colonies habitat not a previously occupied by them.

T/F Adaptive radiation is a form of divergent evolution

true

what is gradualism

the inpercebabechanges in each generation that cannot be detected by the naked eye

What is punctual equilibrium

When a species are relatively stable for extendable periods of time and the change occurs rapidly