Us History DC

What caused the defeat of Native Americans in the West?

Destruction of buffalo, military conflict, and forced relocation to reservations.

What were living conditions like for new immigrants in cities?

Crowded tenements, poor sanitation, low wages, long hours

What is the Cult of Domesticity?

The belief that women should stay home, raise children, and maintain morality.

Define vertical integration.

A company controls every step of production (Carnegie).

Define horizontal integration.

A company buys out competitors to dominate an industry (Rockefeller).

What was the Haymarket Riot?

A labor protest where a bomb killed police → public turned against unions.

What territories did the U.S. gain after the Spanish‑American War?

Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines; influence in Cuba.

What was the Grange?

A farmers’ organization fighting railroad abuses.

What did muckrakers do?

Exposed corruption and social problems through journalism.

What did Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle lead to?

Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.

What did Jane Addams create?

Hull House (settlement house for immigrants).

What did Plessy v. Ferguson establish?

Separate but equal” segregation.

What were the causes of WWI (the “isms”)?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.

Why did the U.S. enter WWI?

Unrestricted submarine warfare, Zimmerman Telegram, protect democracy.

What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

Plan for peace: self‑determination, free trade, League of Nations.

What was the Great Migration?

Movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities.

Who were flappers?

Young women who challenged traditional gender norms.

What happened on Black Thursday (Oct. 24, 1929)?

Stock market crash that began the Great Depression.

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A cultural movement celebrating Black art, music, and literature.

How did Hoover respond to the Depression?

Limited government action; relied on volunteerism.

What were FDR’s Three R’s?

Relief, Recovery, Reform.

Name a successful New Deal program.

CCC, WPA, FDIC, Social Security.

Name a New Deal failure.

Some programs ruled unconstitutional; didn’t end the Depression.

How did appeasement lead to WWII?

Britain & France allowed Hitler to expand → encouraged more aggression.

How did life change on the American homefront during WWII?

Rationing, women working, war production, Japanese internment.

Who were the Allied Powers in WWII?

U.S., Britain, USSR.

Who were the Axis Powers?

Germany, Italy, Japan.

What was the U.S. strategy in Europe?

North Africa → Italy → D‑Day → push to Germany → victory.

What was island hopping?

Capturing strategic islands to move closer to Japan.

Why did Truman drop the atomic bomb?

Avoid invasion casualties, end war quickly, pressure USSR, Japan refused surrender.

Name a controversial U.S. election.

1876 or 2000.

What was the Watergate scandal?

Nixon’s cover‑up of a break‑in → resignation.

What was the Iran‑Contra scandal?

Reagan officials secretly sold weapons to Iran and funded Contra rebels.

What major social movement occurred in the mid‑20th century?

Civil Rights Movement.

What were major U.S. military conflicts after WWII?

Korea, Vietnam, Gulf War, War on Terror.