Medical Interventions Spring Semester Test #1

Activity 2.2.2 , 3.1.1 , 3.1.2 , 3.1.3 , 3.1.4

Gene Therapy

The alteration of the genes of a person afflicted with a genetic disease.

In Vitro Fertilization

A procedure in which gametes are fertilized in a dish in the laboratory, and teh resulting zygote is implanted in the uterus for development.

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)

In assisted reproductive technology, the determination of genetic abnormalities in the embryo before it is transfered to the uterus.

Sex selection

Methods used to predetermine or diagnose the sex of an embryo for the purpose of selecting only those embryos of a particular sex for transplanting to the uterus of a woman.

Vector

An agent (as a plasmid or virus) that contains or carries modified genetic material and can be used to introduce extra genes into the genome of an organism.

Apoptosis

The changes that occur within a cell as it undergoes programmed cell death, which cascade of suicide proteins in the cell destined to die.

Biopsy

The removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the living body.

Bone scan

A test that detects areas of increased or decreased bone metabolism; test is performed on tumor, infection, or fracture.

Cancer

A malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally and systematically.

Cell cycle

An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from its orgin in the M phase of mitosis.

Computed Tomography Scan (CT or CAT scan)

A sectional 3-dimensional view of the body constructed by computed tomography.

Diagnostic Imaging

Technologies that doctors use to look inside your body for clues about a medical MRI scans and ultrasound.

DNA microarray

A microarray of immobilized single-stranded DNA fragments of known nucleotide sequencing of DNA samples and in the analysis of gene expression (as in a cell)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A noninvasive diagnostic technique that produces computerized images of internal atoms within the body induced by the application of radio waves.

Oncogene

A gene having the potential to cause a n ormal cell to become cancerous.

Osteosarcoma

A cancer derived from bone or containing bone tissue.

Proto-oncogene

A normal cellular gene corresponding to an oncogene; a gene with a potential to be an oncogene.

Tumor Suppressor Gene

A gene whose protein products inhibit cell division, thereby preventing uncontrollable growth.

What fundemental characteristics do all cancers have in common?

Uncontrolled cell growth and division

In what ways are diagnostic imaging technologies used to diagnose and treat disorders?

By creating images of the bodys internal structures, allowing docotrs to pinpoint the location and extent.

What do DNA microarrays measure?

Gene expression by detecting the levels of mRNA transcripts that bind to complementary DNA probes fixed on the array.