Decalcification Methods and Techniques

What is the primary disadvantage of using formic acid as a decalcifying agent?

The extent of decalcification cannot be measured by a chemical test.

What is the decalcification time when using formic acid?

2-7 days.

What is the recommended ratio for formic acid-sodium citrate solution?

20:1.

What temperature is considered optimum for decalcification using formic acid?

Room temperature (18-30°C).

What are the advantages of using hydrochloric acid for decalcification?

It is the most rapid decalcifying agent.

What is the main use of nitric acid in decalcification?

It is suitable for small spicules of bone and does not require washing out.

What is the decalcification time when using sulfuros as a decalcifying agent?

12-24 hours.

What is the primary advantage of using citric acid-citrate buffer solution?

It permits excellent nuclear and cytoplasmic staining.

What is a drawback of using electrolytic decalcification?

Prolonged decalcification may lead to tissue distortion.

What are the three methods to measure the extent of decalcification?

Physical or mechanical test, X-ray or radiological method, and chemical method.

What is the most reliable method for measuring decalcification?

Chemical method (calcium oxalate method).

What is the purpose of post-decalcification procedures?

To detect calcium in acid solutions by precipitation of insoluble calcium hydroxide or calcium oxalate.

What is the role of Perenyi's fluid in tissue processing?

It acts as both a decalcifying agent and a tissue softener.

What is the decalcifying agent used in Von Ebner's solution?

It is used for teeth and small pieces of bone.

What is the main characteristic of trichloroacetic acid in decalcification?

It is recommended for autopsy materials, bone marrow, cartilage, and research purposes.

What is the effect of using 2% HCl or 1% HCl in 70% alcohol as a tissue softener?

It is commercially prepared and used for softening tissues.

What is the main disadvantage of using ion exchange resins with acid in decalcification?

It can seriously damage tissue stainability.

What is the primary advantage of using sulfuros as a decalcifying agent?

It is the fastest decalcifying agent.

What is the method used to determine the consistency of tissues during physical testing?

Touching or bending the tissue with fingers or pricking with a fine needle.

What is the main disadvantage of the physical or mechanical test for measuring decalcification?

Heat produced during the process may cause charring of the specimen.

What is the main characteristic of chromic acid (Flemming's fluid) in decalcification?

It serves as both a fixative and a decalcifying agent.

What is the effect of using a chemical method for measuring decalcification?

It is the most ideal, sensitive, and reliable method, but also the most expensive.