ap psych unit 0 vocab

critical thinking

doesnt rely on thoughts/feelings, relys on evidence

structuralism

a school formed by Wundt and titchenor that relied on thought to reveal how the human mind functions

functionalism

promoted by James and influenced by darwin, explored how and why body parks do things and how they developed through adaptations

humanistic psychology

a study that outlined the potential of human growth

cognitive psychology

the study of how we mentally perceive and process new information to learn, think, solve problems and communicate

psychology

how observable behavior and inner thoughts correlate with one another

nature-nurture issue

the old argument that genes and contributions make up our traits and behaviors. today, we see it as the interaction with nature and nurture forming our traits.

evolutionary psychology

how does our common biology and evolutionary history make us a like in behavior?

biopsychosocial approach

a combination of biological, psychological, and social-cultural means that bind together to form an approach

behavioral psychology

the study of observing a behavioral pattern, proved by the foundation of learning

biological psychology

the study of the connections between psychological processes and biological means

psychodynamic

study of how unconscious thoughts and conflicts lead their behavior. This information is then later used to treat people with psychological disorders.

social-cultural psychology

how different scenes and cultural aspects affect our thinking and behaviors

clinical psychology

a working branch of psychology who studies and treats psychological disorders

psychiatrists

deals with psychological disorders licensed medical professionals that provide therapy and medicine

hindsight bias

after hearing the outcome of something, one would say they had for seen it

theory

a set of observations integrated together to form a predicted behavior or event

hypothesis

an educated guess

operational definition

a precise definition of the operation used in a study

replication

repeating the same study but with different people in different settings, will these findings be the same as the original?

case study

one who is studied to reveal underlying, universal principles

naturalistic observation

observing naturally occurring behaviors with no tampering

survey

a questionnaire based odd of attitudes or behaviors

sampling bias

a sample that sticks out from the others, resulting in a unrepresentative sample

population

people in a certain group that's being studied. samples are taken from this group

random sample

a random member of the population who is non biased, represents the whole.

correlation

putting two factors against each other to see how one predicts the other

correlation coefficient

a relationship of statistics between 2 items

scatterplot

a graph of dots. each dot represents 2 values, the slope suggests if its positive or negative

illusory correlation

claiming that there's a relationship between something, but it doesn't exist, or, claiming the relationship is stronger than it actually is

experiment

investigator manipulates the independent variable to see how it effects the dependent

experimental group

the group that receives treatment; the independent variable.

control group

does not receive treatment

random assignment

assigning random people to the experiment and control group by chance

double-blind procedure

researchers and participants are blind on who received the placebo and who received the real drug

placebo effect

results caused by expectations. patients receives a fake drug, something that has nothing to it.

independent variable

the factor that is being changed and studied in an experiment

confounding variable

a random factor that is not the one that's studied; may tamper with the results

dependent variable

the measured outcome. May be subject to change, due to the independent variable

informed consent

giving basic information about an experiment, allowing the participant to choose if they want to take part or not

debriefing

explaining the results of the experiment and how they're beneficial

mode

the number that shows up the most

mean

average of the store. add the score together then divide it by the amount of scores

median

the middle score. can only occur once the scoring is placed in order