Equine Urogenital System Pt 2 - Dr. Masty

The scrotum has four layers:

1.) skin

2.) dartos

3.) fascia

4.) parietal vaginal tunic

skin of the scrotum

smooth with glands and fine hair; raphe on midline

raphe of scrotum

indentation of the skin that separates the scrotum into right and left halves

dartos

septum making two separate compartments; fibroelastic tissue that helps with thermoregulation

Fascia of scrotum

layer between the dartos and parietal vaginal tunic

parietal vaginal tunic

continuous with parietal peritoneum at vaginal ring

Two structures contained within the scrotum:

1.) testes

2.) epididymis

Testes location

prebubic (cranial to pubic bone)

The testes are oriented ________ in reference to the ground

horizontally

Three parts of the testes:

1.) parietal vaginal tunic

2.) visceral vaginal tunic

3.) tunica albuginea

parietal vaginal tunic of the testes

has the cremaster muscle attached to it

visceral vaginal tunic of the testes

covers the entire organ

tunica albuginea of the testes

capsule of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle that directly surrounds the testicle

Three parts of the epididymis:

1.) head

2.) body

3.) tail

head of the epididymis

located at the cranial pole of the testes

body of the epididymis

middle portion

tail of the epididymis

located at the caudal pole of the testes

The tail of the epididymis becomes the...

ductus deferens

Two ligaments of the epididymis:

1.) ligament of the tail of the epididymis

2.) proper ligament of the testis

ligament of the tail of the epididymis

connects the tail of the epididymis to parietal vaginal tunic

proper ligament of the testis

connects the tail of the epididymis to the testis

Spermatic cord

bundle of fibrous connective tissue that passes from the abdominal wall to the scrotum

The spermatic cord consists of five things:

1.) testicular nerve, artery, vein, and lymphatics

2.) ductus deferens

3.) visceral vaginal tunic

4.) parietal vaginal tunic

5.) cremaster muscle

What surrounds the entirety of the spermatic cord?

visceral vaginal tunic

Which contents of the spermatic cord are only sometimes considered to be part of it?

parietal vaginal tunic and cremaster muscle

Panipiniform plexus

highly coiled testicular vein of the spermatic cord

A cross section of the spermatic cord contains three layers:

1.) mesofuniculus

2.) mesorchium

3.) mesoductus

mesofuniculus

stalk of the visceral vaginal tunic where the parietal vaginal tunic folds on itself

mesorchium

part of visceral vaginal tunic that wraps around the testicular artery, vein, nerve, and lymphatics

mesoductus

part of visceral vaginal tunic that wraps around the ductus deferens

Two types of castration:

1.) closed

2.) open

closed castration

closed parietal vaginal tunic

open castration

open parietal vaginal tunic

The penis is ____________ is nature

musculocavernous

musculocavernous nature of the penis

cavernous tissue is used for erection and there are muscles associated for each part

Tunica albuginea

fibrous covering of the penis (similar to that of the testes)

The penis has three parts:

1.) root

2.) body

3.) glans

root of the penis

structure formed by the left and right crus attached to the ischial arch

body of the penis

fusion of crus of the penis

glans of the penis

distal tip with dorsal process

Three tissues of the penis:

1.) corpus cavernosum penis

2.) corpus spongiosum penis

3.) corpus spongiosum glandis

corpus cavernosum penis

paired erectile tissue that forms the crus of the penis at the root and the body

corpus cavernosum penis is associated with what muscle?

ischiocavernosus muscle

ischiocavernosus muscle

muscle covering the crus at the root of the penis

corpus spongiosum penis

dilated beginning between crura; surrounds the urethra

corpus spongiosum penis is associated with what muscle?

bulbospongiosus muscle

bulbospongiosus muscle

covers corpus spongiosum tissue; entire length of the penis

bulb of the penis

dilated portion of the urethra as it comes out of the bladder; beginning of corpus spongiosum tissue

corpus spongiosum glandis

cavernous tissue inside glans and its dorsal process

The glans penis has five structures:

1.) dorsal process

2.) corona glandis

3.) urethral process

4.) fossa glandis

5.) urethral sinus

dorsal process of the glans penis

projection coming of the glans dorsally and attaching to the body

corona glandis of the glans penis

rim/edge of the glans penis

urethral process of the glans penis

portion of the urethra that projects out past the point of the glans penis

fossa glandis of the glans penis

space within the glans penis that surrounds the urethra

urethral sinus of the glans penis

outpouching in the dorsal direction within the fossa glandis

The prepuce has two folds:

1.) external

2.) internal

external fold of the prepuce

corresponds to the prepuce of other animals

internal fold of the prepuce

where the glans penis sits

the internal fold of the prepuce is aka...

the preputial fold

Three associated structures of the prepuce:

1.) preputial orifice

2.) preputial ring

3.) smegma and the bean

preputial orifice

opening of the external fold of the prepuce

preputial ring

opening of the internal fold of the prepuce

smegma and the bean

dead cells and secretions that accumulates in the prepucial cavity

Four accessory glands of the horse:

1.) bulbourethral gland

2.) prostate gland

3.) seminal vesicles

4.) ampulla

Each accessory gland will open into the...

urethra

bulbourethral gland

first accessory gland felt on rectal palpation; paired left and right

the bulbourethral gland opens to the urethra at...

left and right of the midline

prostate gland opens to the urethra...

lateral to the colliculus seminalis

seminal vesicles opens to the urethra...

through a common duct with the ampulla (ejacualtory orifice)

ampulla opens to the urethra...

through a common duct with the seminal vesicles (ejacualtory orifice)

ejacualtory orifice

common opening for the seminal vesicles and ampulla into the urethra

Genital fold

homologue of broad ligament of uterus in females

Four things contained within the gential fold:

1.) ampullae

2.) cranial 1/2 of seminal vesicles

3.) ureters

4.) uterus masculinus

uterus masculinus

developmental remnant of the paramesonephric ducts in the male

Five associated muscles of the male reproductive tract:

1.) urethralis

2.) bulboglandularis

3.) bulbospongiosus

4.) ischiocavernosus

5.) retractor penis

urethralis muscle

covers pelvic portion of the urethra

bulboglandularis muscle

covers bulbourethral glands

bulbospongiosus muscle

corpus spongoisum penis

ischiocavernosus muscle

covers corpora cavernosum

retractor penis muscle

paired muscle below the bulbospongiosus muscle

Triple blood supply to the penis involves three main arteries:

1.) internal pudendal

2.) obturator

3.) external pudendal

branch of internal pudendal artery that contributes to blood supply of the penis

artery of the penis

artery of the penis then has two branches:

1.) artery of the bulb

2.) dorsal artery of the penis (anastomotic branch)

artery of the bulb supplies the...

corpus spongiosum penis

branch of obturator artery that contributes to blood supply of the penis

middle artery of the penis

middle artery of the penis then has two branches:

1.) deep artery of the penis

2.) dorsal artery of the penis (anastomotic branch)

deep artery of the penis supplies the...

corpus cavernosum penis

branch of external pudendal artery that contributes to blood supply of the penis

cranial artery of the penis

cranial artery of the penis then has two branches:

two dorsal arteries of the penis (anastomotic branches)

Sympathetic innervation to the male reproductive organs comes from...

the hypogastric nerves

Parapathetic innervation to the male reproductive organs comes from...

pelvic nerve

Dorsal nerve of the penis

continuation of the pudendal nerve

*dorsal nerve of clitoris in female

Genitofemoral nerve

sensory innervation to the scrotum and inner thigh

Testicular nerve

comes from the caudal mesenteric ganglion

*ovarian nerve in female

Three lymph nodes of the reproductive tract:

1.) superficial inguinal lymph nodes

2.) medial iliac lymph nodes

3.) lateral iliac lymph nodes

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

drain the penis and scrotum

medial iliac lymph nodes

drain the testes and epididymis

lateral iliac lymph nodes

drain the stifle

broad ligament

The ligament extending from the lateral margins of the uterus to the pelvic wall

The broad ligament is made up of three parts:

1.) mesometrium

2.) mesovarium

3.) mesosalpinx