Grade 8 - Geography Learning Check Study Guide

physical geography

The Earth's natural features, such as mountains, rivers, and climate.

human geography

How people live, where they live, and why. 

Change of human settlement over time

How people once lived in small villages or rural communities and now live in much larger cities

Where will the human population grow the most over time?

Mostly in developing countries (like parts of Africa and Asia).

How will cities need to accommodate growth/change over time?

They will need more housing, schools, roads, and hospitals.

urban

A city with lots of people and buildings

rural

The countryside with farms and small towns. 

suburban

Key events that marked significant progress in the fight for civil rights, such as the March on Washington in 1963.

population

The number of people in an area.

settlement

A place where people settled to live.

doubling time

The amount of time  it takes for a population to double in size

birth rate

The number of babies born per 1,000 people in a year

death rate

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year

migration

When people move from one place to another

demographics

Facts about people like age, gender, and income.

types of settlement pattern

Dispersed: Homes far apart

Concentrated: buildings that are tightly packed in downtown Toronto.

Linear: Homes in a line

population density

Sparse: few people

Moderate: moderate number of people.

Dense: lots of people

calculating population density

Population ÷ Area (in km²).

favourable factors for settlement

Favourable = good (water, good soil)

unfavourable factors for settlement

Unfavourable = bad (mountains, deserts)

6 settlement factors

1. Water

2. Good land

3. Climate

4. Natural resources

5. Transportation
6. History

change if settlement patterns

When people move or areas grow/shrink