Chapter 14: Foot & Toes injuries

What is the cause of Retrocalaneal Bumps?

Rubbing/pressure of the shoe heel

Symptoms of Retrocalcaneal Bumps (Pump Bump)

Inflammation of the Bursa BENEATH the Achilies Tendon

- Tenderness

- Pain w/palpation

Plantar Fasciitis Care?

- Routine stretching of the Achilles tendon

- Switching into more comfortable footwear, or reducing height of heel

What is the cause of a Heel Bruise?

Vigorous horizontal to vertical movement (in sports)

Heel Bruise Symptoms

- Severe Pain

- Unable to bear weight

can lead to chronic inflammation

Heel Bruise Care

- Cold pack

- Restricting mobility of area for at least 24 hours

- Wearing protective brace: Heel cup or Heel Doughnut

Plantar Fasciitis

The inflexibility of the medial longitude arch & Gastroc-soleus (BOTTOM FOOT)

- overuse or stress of the bottom foot

- Shoes without enough arch support

- RUNNING ON SOFT SURFACES

Plantar Fasciitis Symptoms

Increased pain when foot is not used for long periods of time (mornings)

Pain decreases throughout the day

Plantar Fasciitis Care

Can last for 8-12 weeks

- Vigorous stretching of gastrocnemius (calf) & Soleus muscles & Achilles tendon

- Use night splint, or heel cup (PROTECTIVE WEAR)

- Orthotic therapy

What causes Metatarsal Fractures (toe fractures)

Direct force or torison/twisting stress on bone

Metatarsal Fractures (toe fractures) Symptoms

- Pain

- Swelling

- Tenderness

- Possible palpable deformity

What causes Jones Fractures ?

Fracture of the 5th metatarsal (pinky toe) by overuse, twisting of foot AWAY from body (inversion),

Jones Fractures Symptoms

- Sharp Pain on lateral side of foot

- "popping sound"

• Swelling around the fracture site

• Bruising or discoloration

Jones Fractures Care

- 6-8 weeks of no weight bearing with short leg

What causes Metatarsal Arch Strain?

Hypermobility of metatarsal caused by looseness in ligaments

Metatarsal Arch Strain symptoms

- Pain/cramping in metarsal region

- Inflammation or weakening in the area

Metatarsalgia (pain in bottom foot)

- Heavy calluses formation

Metatarsal Arch Strain Care

- Use pad to ELEVATE metatarsals just behind ball of foot

- Strengthening of foot muscles and heel cord stretching

What causes Bunion (Hallux Valgus Deformity)

Wearing shoes that are too narrow, pointed, or high heels

Bunion (Hallux Valgus Deformity) Symptoms

- Tenderness, swelling of area

- Calcification of the head of 1st metatarsal

Bunion (Hallux Valgus Deformity) Care

- Wear proper fitted shoes

- Wear protective gear when sleeping or doing activity

(Shin Splint & Doughtnut pads)

- Surgery if worsens

What is Turf Toe

Enlargement of nerve occuring between 3rd & 4th meta heads

Turf Toes Symptoms

- Pain & Swelling especially after pushing off in walking, running, & jumping

What causes Corns in the foot?

• Pressure from improperly fitting shoes

• Hard corns are associated with hammer toes

• Soft corns result from wearing narrow shoes & excessive foot sweat

Corns Symptoms (foot)

• Formation between 4th & 5th toe

• Circular area

• Pain & inflammation most likely

Corn Care (foot)

Wearing proper shoes

Good hygiene

Use gel or foam toe caps

Cushioning

What causes Ingrown Toenails

• Tight shoes

• Improper nail cutting (too short)

• Injury (repeated)

• Naturally curved nails

Ingrown Toenails symptoms

• Swelling

• Redness (heat)

• Accumulation of pus

Ingrown Toenail care

• Propper fitting shoes

• Use correct trimming nail technique

  (not too short & dont round edges.)

What causes Subungual Hematoma

• Direct pressure/trauma on nail

Subungual Hematoma Symptoms

• Blood accumulation underneath toenail

• Gentle pressure on toenail is painful

Subungual Hematoma Care

• Immediate ice pack

• Relieve pressure within 12-24 hours

  (drill nail)