lecture 1&2: intro and "from science to public policy""

in vitro

term for a study done OUTSIDE a living thing; can be in a test tube or flask, or from cell and tissue cultures that are harvested or grown outside an organism

in vivo

term for a study done INSIDE a living thing; animal models like rats, or human models with ethical concerns

epidemiological

term for a study where when event is seemingly related/correlated with another event

intervention

study where the cause of an event is determined through experimentation

randomized controlled trial

RCT; random, double blinded, placebo led study that establishes causality

dietary reference intakes

range of nutrients where the average intake goal should be between the RDA and the UL

recommended dietary allowance

the level of dietary nutrients that should actually be follwoed by people; two standard deviations above the EAR

estimated average requirement

level that if consumed by the population, the middle of the population would be healthy; used to calculate the RDA

adequate intake level

used to examine the likelihood that an intake is good enough when no RDA is set for that nutrient

anthropometry biochemistry clinical assessments dietary assessments

ABCD method of nutritional assessment

anthropometry

term for the physical dimension and composition of the body (height, weight, circumferences)

retrospective

type of dietary assessment that includes 24 hour recall and a food questionnaire, on the spot

prospecitve

type of dietary assessment that is recorded as a diet record overtime

diet, physical activity, adequate sleep, managing stress, socializing

5 components of a healthy life and long life expectancy

78

the average american lifespan

micronutrient

nutrient that is needed in less than a gram per day, includes vitamins and minerals

macronutrient

type of nutrient that is needed in MORE than a gram per day; water, carbs, lipids, proteins

essential

type of nutrient that your body needs but does NOT produce by itself

nonessential

type of nutrient that the body needs and already produces by itself

conditionally essential

type of nutrient that is needed more at a certain time or condition of life