Luba kingdom

(30) The competition for increasingly limited resources in Luba led some village chiefdoms to group together into a joint-chiefdoms. Thus, between two centuries, the Luba east of the Lualaba had been organized into a single centralized state under one strong dynasty.

● The two centuries between which the Luba people were organized into a single centralized state:

● The name of the dynasty that was established:

13,000 and 1400 C.E.
Nkongolo

(31) The Luba Empire, which was established in the west of the Upemba Depression, later rose to its peak, making the number of Luba’s tributary states doubled.

● The century that the Empire was established:

● The century that the empire rose to its peak and doubled the number of its tributary states:

17th century C.E.

19th century C.E.

(32) The political systems in Luba Kingdom were well-organized, with the king who had the following groups under him: the Chiefdoms, the General council, and the Regional administrators.

● Those who advised the king:

● Those who supervised the collection of tribute:

The general council and the court adivsed the king

The central administration supervised the collection of tribute

(33) Under the Luba political system, each district was ruled by a district or regional chief. And below the district chiefs were the sub-chiefs who also had supernatural power from two sources.

● The two sources from which the sub-chiefs had their supernatural power

local spirits

ancestors

(34) During the reign of the Luba Empire, the local authority across its domains was tied to membership in one association to which all chiefs had to belong if they were to exercise power and influence in the Luba society.

● The name of the association:

● What the association was meant for:

Bambudye

To ensure their allegiance to the center

(35) The fertile soils in Central African region permitted a mixed agricultural economy, which allowed the people of the Luba Kingdom to subsist primarily through farming and fishing, with occasional hunting.

● Examples of the main crops that were cultivated:

● The two domestic animals raised:

Maize, cassava, sweet potatoes

Chicken and goat

(36) The Lunda leaders later succeeded in drawing the loosely scattered Lunda chiefdoms in to a single, centralized, and expanding empire, thus leading the Lunda Empire to be consolidated.

● The century in which this occurred

17th Century

(37) The king of the Lunda Empire, during his reign, ruled with complex combination of two sets of supporters.

● The two sets of supporters

Traditional elders

Bureaucratic officeholders

(38) New systems of “positional succession and perpetual kinship” were later developed in the Lunda kingship systems – roles, which the successor to the throne acquired.

● Examples of what the successor acquired

Kingship ties to the predecessor and social roles

(39) One major mineral in the Lunda Empire became more important in the trading system—a mineral which was mined in the empire, with some exported and some used as currency.

● The name of this mineral

● What it was used for

Copper

Exported or used as currency

(40) The factors that caused the Lunda Empire to rise were the strong tradition of unity, the strong administrative structure, and the strong economic base. But there were also two major factors that led to the decline of the empire in the late nineteenth century C.E.

● The factors that led to its decline

The death of Muteba, the king in 1873 C.E.

The power struggle over the control of trade