Monosaccharides, Disaccherides and Polysaccharides

glucose molecular formula

C6H12O6

ribose molecular formula

C5H10O5

maltose molecular formula

C12H22O11

what is a disaccharide?

two monosaccharides joined together

what is a monosaccharide?

they are simple sugars in which there is one oxygen atom and two hydrogen for every carbon atom

what are the two types of glucose

alpha and beta glucose

does a condensation reaction produce or use water?

produce

does a hydrolysis reaction produce or use water?

use

example of a hexose sugar

glucose

example of a pentose sugar

ribose

what is a polysaccharide?

a polymer containing many monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond

what are polysaccharides used for?

they are used as an energy store and as structural components of cells

is glycogen present in animals, plants or both?

animals

is starch present in animals, plants or both?

plants

is cellulose present in animals, plants or both?

plants

what is starch

a polysaccharide found in plant cells

describe starches structure and composure

it is made of many alpha glucoses and is highly branched

what is starch made up of?

amylase and amylopectin

what is the rough percentage of amylopectin in starch?

70-80%

what type of bonds does amylopectin (in starch) have?

1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

what type of bonds does amylase (in starch) have?

1-4 glycosidic bonds

what is the structure of amylase (in starch)?

unbranched helical (spiral) chain made up of 1-4 glycosidic bonds of alpha glucose

what is the structure of amylopectin (in starch)?

highly branched chain made up of 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds of alpha glucose

is glycogen soluble?

no

what is the structure of glycogen?

highly branched (more branched than starch) chain made up of 1-4 and (more of) 1-6 glycosidic bonds of alpha glucose

which is hydrolysed quicker? glycogen or starch?

glycogen (as it has more branches)

where is glycogen particularly stored

liver and muscles

why is cellulose important for plants?

it is strong and makes up the cell walls which gives the plant structural support, and stops the cell from bursting

what is the structure of cellulose?

unbranched straight chain made up of 1-4 glycosidic bonds of beta glucose

what are microfibrils

they are parallel chains of cellulose that become joined together by hydrogen bonds