Medical Sonography Program - Abdominal Vascular Anatomy

Flashcards based on lecture notes for BMS 3120 Cross sectional anatomy, focusing on abdominal vascular anatomy including the Aorta, IVC, and Portal Venous System.

What is the abdominal aorta?

Retroperitoneal structure that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.

Name the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta.

Celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and median sacral.

Name the paired branches of the abdominal aorta.

Middle suprarenal (adrenal), renal, gonadal (testicular or ovarian), inferior phrenic, lumbar, and common iliac.

What is the function of the abdominal aorta branches?

Supplies blood to organs for oxygenation, metabolism, blood pressure, and hemostasis.

What is the function of the inferior phrenic arteries?

Supplies the diaphragm underside.

What are the branches of the celiac trunk?

Left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery.

What is the function of the celiac trunk?

Supplies blood to most abdominal organs, stomach, and duodenum.

What is the course of the suprarenal (adrenal) arteries?

Horizontally to the adrenal glands.

What is the function of the suprarenal arteries?

Supplies blood to the adrenal glands.

What are the antero-inferior branches of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)?

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal, middle colic, right colic, jejunal, ileal, and ileocolic.

What is the function of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)?

Supplies the small intestine, ascending colon, part of the transverse colon, and the pancreatic head and duodenal areas.

What are the branches of the renal arteries?

Segmental, interlobar, and arcuate.

What is the function of the renal arteries?

Supply the kidneys.

What are the gonadal arteries?

Male: Testicular arteries. Female: Ovarian arteries.

What is the function of the gonadal arteries?

Supply testicles and ovaries.

What are the branches of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA)?

Left colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal.

What is the function of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA)?

Supplies transverse color, descending colon, and rectum.

What does the Median Sacral Artery (MSA) supply?

Supplies sacrum.

What are the branches of the common iliac arteries?

Internal iliac and external iliac.

What is the function of the common iliac arteries?

Supply pelvis and lower extremities.

What does the Left Gastric Artery (LGA) supply?

Supplies proximal part of the stomach's lesser curvature and the distal esophagus; anastomoses with the right gastric artery.

What does the Splenic Artery (SPA) supply?

Supplies the spleen, left side of greater curvature of stomach, and pancreas.

What are the branches of the Celiac Trunk?

Left Gastric artery, Splenic artery, and Common Hepatic artery.

What are the branches of the Common Hepatic Artery (CHA)?

Gastroduodenal artery (GDA) and Proper hepatic artery (PHA).

What is the sonographic appearance of the proximal aorta in transverse view?

Rounded pulsatile structure to the left of the spine.

What is the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)?

Retroperitoneal structure located to the right of the abdominal aorta that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart.

What is the function of the IVC?

Returning deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Which suprarenal vein drains directly into the IVC?

Right suprarenal vein.

What is the function of the Right Renal Vein (RRV)?

Drains the right kidney.

Where does the Left Gonadal Vein drain?

Empties into the LRV.

Which liver segments are drained by the Hepatic Veins?

RHV: Drains segments 6 ,7 ,8 MHV: Drains segments 4B & 5 LHV: Drains segments 2, 3, 4A - divides the liver into medial and lateral segments

What is the portal venous system?

Specialized circulatory pathway where venous blood from the digestive organs, spleen, and pancreas drains into the liver before entering the general circulation

Where do the portal veins end?

Sinusoids, emptying into the hepatic veins, IVC, then right atrium (heart)

Where is the Main Portal Vein located?

Posterior to the neck of pancreas.

What is the Ductus Venosus?

A fetal blood vessel that connects the Umbilical vein to the Inferior Vena Cava

What is the Ligamentum Venosum?

Is a fibrous band located on the posterior surface of the liver, specifically between the caudate lobe and the left lobe

What is the Falciform Ligament?

Ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

What is the Ligamentum Teres Hepatis?

A fibrous cord that runs from the umbilicus to the liver, a remnant of the Left Umbilical vein.

What veins are commonly diagnostic tested in the portal venous system?

Splenic vein, Left portal vein, Right portal vein, Portal vein, Superior mesenteric vein , Inferior mesenteric vein