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Fluorine
________ and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid and iodine is a solid.
Helium
________ is used for filling balloons and weather balloons as it is less dense than air and does not burn.
Chlorine
________ is pale green, bromine is red- brown and iodine is black.
Astatine
________ is at the bottom of Group VII so will be a solid.
transition elements
The ________ form coloured compounds and often have more than one oxidation state, such as iron readily forming compound of both Fe2+ and Fe3+.
Neon
________ and argon are used as inert atmospheres for sensitive experiments where nitrogen is not appropriate.
Francium
________ is rare and radioactive so is difficult to confirm predictions.
vertical columns
Group: these are the ________ that show how many outer electrons each atom has.
Iron
________ for example can lose two electrons to form Fe2+ or three electrons to form Fe3+.
sodium
Group I metals are lithium, ________, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium.
halide ions
They form ________ by gaining one more electron to complete their outer shells.
Halogens
________ are diatomic, meaning they form molecules of two atoms.
Argon
________ is used to provide an inert atmosphere for welding.
strong metals
They are very hard and ________ and are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Bromine
________ will therefore displace iodine from an aqueous solution of metal iodide.
outermost electrons
When atoms collide and react, it is the ________ that interact.
Eg elements
________ in Period 2 have two electron shells, elements in Period 3 have three electron shells.
Group VIII
The noble gases are in ________ (or Group 0); they are non- metals and have very low melting and boiling points.
medicine
They are used in ________ and surgical applications such as limb and joint replacement (titanium is often used for this as it can bond with bones due to its high biocompatibility)
reactivity of Group VII non metals
The ________ increases as you move up the group.
halogen displacement reaction
A(n) ________ occurs when a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its halide.
Astatine
________ is at the bottom of Group VII so will have the highest melting and boiling point.
Fluorine
________ is not allowed in schools so observations and experiments tend to only involve chlorine, bromine and iodine.
transition elements
The ________ have more than one oxidation state, as they can lose a different number of electrons, depending on the chemical environment they are in.
Chlorine
________ will therefore displace bromine from an aqueous solution of metal bromide.
Argon
________ is also used to fill electric light bulbs as it is inert.
Bromine
________ is above iodine in Group VII so is more reactive.
francium
As the reactivity of alkali metals increases down the group, rubidium, caesium and ________ will react more vigorously with air and water than lithium, sodium and potassium.
Fluorine
________ is at the top of Group VII so will have the lowestmelting and boiling point.
Astatine
________ is at the bottom of Group VII so the colour will be darker, so ________ is black.
transition elements
The ________ are used extensively as catalystsdue to their ability to interchange between a range of oxidation states.
argon
Neon, ________ and xenon are used in advertising signs.
Bromine
________ and iodine.
Chlorine
________ is above bromine in Group VII so is more reactive.
Fluorine
________ is at the top of Group VII so will be a gas.
Fluorine
________ is at the top of Group VII so the colour will be lighter, so ________ is yellow.
The table is arranged in vertical columns called Groupsnumbered I
VIII (numbers shown on the course's Periodic Table) and in rows called Periods (numbers not shown on the Periodic Table)
Period
these are the horizontal rows that show the number of shells of electrons an atom has
Group
these are the vertical columns that show how many outer electrons each atom has
The electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons into shells for an atom (e.g
the electronic configuration of carbon is 2,4)
Example
Electronic configuration of chlorine
Lithium's electronic configuration
2,1
Sodium's electronic configuration
2,8,1
Potassium's electronic configuration
2,8,8,1
1
Form colored compounds
2
used as catalysts
3
high melting points
4
good conductors of heat and electricity
He
2
Ne
2,8
Ar
2,8,8
Kr
2,8,18,8
Xe
2,8,18,18,8
Note 
Flashcard (69)