Ib chem SL 2025 syllabus - mock exams

sulfate

SO₄²⁻

charge of an ion

number of protons - number of electrons

sublimation

solid to gas

deposition

gas to solid

How do you identify the component with the greatest affinity for the mobile phase in paper chromatography

component with the greatest affinity for the mobile phase will travel the furthest in paper chromatography

what is the mobile phase in paper chromatography

In paper chromatography, the mobile phase is always the solvent (water, in this case), while the stationary phase is the paper.

retention factor formula

Rf=distance traveled by the compound / distance traveled by the solvent front

what does the Rf mean for the affinity to the solvent

A lower Rf value means that the substance has a lower affinity for the solvent

Suggest a limitation of the paper chromatography described as a separating technique.

• It only works for colored components;

• Separation might be incomplete/spots can be mixtures of components with similar RFRF​;

• Only allows the separation of a small amount of sample;

• Time-consuming technique.

describe the arrangement of molecules at a liquid state