Pham Stuff 1

glucose labs that are within the expected range should reflect…?

70-110 mg/dL

an A1C greater than or equal to ___ indicates diabetes?

A 10%

B 6.5%

C 5.5%

D. 6%

B 6.5% ; an A1C greater than or equal to 6.5% is an indication that the pt has diabetes

A1C labs that are within the expected range should reflect…?

less than or equal to 6.5%

potassium labs that are within the expected range should reflect…?

3\.5-5 mEq/L

creatinine labs that are within the expected range should reflect…?

0\.6-1.2 mg/dL

if a pt labs show high creatinine levels your first initial thoughts should revolve around…?

kidney damage!

WBC count that is within the expected range should reflect…?

4-11 mL/dL

if a patient has an infection, what is one lab finding that would be elevated?

WBC

if a pt’s labs comeback with elevated ALT/AST levels that is an indication of…?

liver damage!!

true or false

we use a CD4 count to monitor the response to HIV meds

true

low TSH, high T3 + T4 indicates what…?

HYPERthyroidism

high TSH and low T3 + T4 indicates…?

HYPOthyroidism

list the 13 med classes for antibiotics

1\. Aminoglycosides

2\. Carbapenems

3\. Cephalosporins (beta lactam)

4\. Fluoroquinolones

5\. Penicillin (PCN--- beta lactam)

6\. Sulfonamides

7\. Tetracyclines

8\. Macrolide

9\. Ketolide

10\. Oxazolidinones

11\. Monobactam

12\. Leprostatic

13\. Glycopeptide

the suffix ‘mycin’ represents which antibiotic med class?

aminoglycosides

what are the 3 common aminoglycoside drugs?

\-Gentamicin

\-Streptomycin

\-tobramycin

drugs that end in ‘mycin’ cause what?

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

\-med class: aminoglycosides

true or false

if a pt it taken aminoglycosides you want to monitor their peak and trough?

true

the suffix ‘nem’ represents which antibiotic med class?

Carbapenems

what is the common Carbapenem drug?

Ertapenem

Carbapenems cause what kind of problems?

\-GI problems

\-diarrhea and an electrolyte imbalance

\-c diff

\-beta lactam ring can be destroyed by penicillinase

\*caution with seizure disorders

Carbapenems have a cross allergy with which med class?

Cephalosporins

what are the 5 common Cephalosporin drugs?

\-Cephalexin

\-Cefaclor

\-Cefoxitin

\-Cefdinir

\-Certriaxone

\
\*all drugs start with a "‘Ce”

true or false

later generation cephalosporins are not effective against gram neg. bacteria?

false ; later gens. are effective against gram neg., early gens. are not!

Cephalosporins can causes…?

\-GI problems

\-nephrotoxicity… especially if given with aminoglycosides

\-adding anticoagulants may increase bleeding

\-no alcohol consumption due to possible disulfiram effects

\

Cephalosporins have a cross allergy with which med class?

penicillin

\-will destroy beta lactam ring with penicillinase

the suffix ‘floxacin’ represents which med class?

Fluoroquinolones

what are two of the most common fluoroquinolone drugs?

\-Ciprofloxacin

\-Levofloxacin

true or false

achilles tendon rupture are common adverse effects in pt’s who are taking fluoroquinolones

true

Fluoroquinolones cause what…?

\-achilles or other tendon rupture or tendonitis, especially in older adults

\-colitis

\-nephrotoxicity

\-phlebitis

\-adding aminoglycosides, theophylline, or steroids increases toxicity

\-can increase QT, if taken with cardiac meds

true or false

theophylline goes well with most drugs?

false! it does NOT go well with most drugs

the suffix ‘cillin’ represents which med class?

Penicillin (PCN)

what are the two most common penicillin drugs?

\-Amoxicillin

\-Augmentin

true or false

a class 1 allergic response is most common with penicillins

true

\-the beta lactam ring gets destroyed by penicillinase

what protects the Augmentin beta lactam ring?

clavulanic acid

when is Augmentin usually prescribed?

for stubborn respiratory infections that are resistant to penicillin

if you accidentally give a pt penicillin and they start going into anaphylactic shock, you need to give them….?

epinephrine; epi

the suffixes ‘zine’ and ‘zole’ represent which med class?

Sulfaonamides

what are the three common Sulfonamides drugs?

\-Cotrimoxazole

\-sulfamethoxazole

\-trimethoprim

what are the various adverse effects of sulfa drugs?

*think skin rxn*

\-rash like Steven Johnsons Syndrome

\-sunburns

\-photo phobias

\-GI distress

when educating a pt about sulfa drug adverse rxn, you want to tell them to wear…? (3)

\-sunscreen

\-a hat

\-long sleeves

Sulfonamides has a cross allergy with what?

thiazide diuretics

the suffix ‘cycline’ represents which med class?

tetracyclines

what are the two common tetracycline drugs?

\-doxycycline

\-tetracycline

Tetracyclines are known to cause…?

\-GI problems

\-inadequate calcification of primary teeth of the fetus

\-bone marrow suppression

\-photosensitivity

\*wear sunscreen + hat

\-DO NOT TAKE WITH MINERALS OR DAIRY

\

what are the expected lab findings for a pt with hypothyroidism?

HIGH TSH and LOW T3 + T4

what are the expected lab findings for a pt with hyperthyroidism?

LOW TSH and HIGH T3 + T4

the suffix ‘mycin’ represents which other med class?

Macrolid

\-remember ACE

what are the three most common Macrolide drugs used?

\-Azithromycin (z pack)

\-Clarithromycin

\-Erythromycin

\*ACE

what kind of adverse effects do Macrolides cause?

\-GI problems

\-supra infections

\-c diff

\-prolonged QT + other EKG changes that may result in chest pain and lethal arrhythmias

true or false

you need to be cautious giving Macrolides to cardiac pt

true ; because it can result in a prolonged QT, chest pain, and lethal arrhythmias

the suffix ‘cin’ represents which med class?

Ketolide (Lincosamide)

\-not as common as the Macrolide ACE

what can ketolides cause…?

\-GI problems

\-liver damage… dark urine

true or false

ketolides are similar to macrolides, however, macrolides are more toxic

SIKE, it is false; ketolides are MORE toxic than macrolides

true or false

Lipoglycopeptides are similar to Vanco

true

the suffix ‘lid’ represents which med class?

Oxazolidinones

list the two common Oxazolidinones drug

\-Tedizolid

\-Linezolid

Oxazolidinones cause what?

\-toxicity while breastfeeding

\-reverses MAOIs

the suffix ‘nam’ represents which med class?

Monobactam

what is the common Monobactam drug?

aztreonam

what are the effects of aztreonam? (3)

\-GI complaints

\-phlebitis

\-liver dysfunction

define phlebitis

inflammation of the vein

the suffixes ‘zid’ and ‘pin’ represent which med class?

Leprostatic

what are the two common Leprostatic drugs

\-isoniazid (INH)

\-rifampin

it is important to monitor which lab findings when a pt is taking Leprostatic drugs?

AST + ALT

\

true or false

you can drink alcohol with Leprostatic drugs?

false; do NOT drink alcohol while taking

what can Leprostatic drugs cause?

\-liver damage

\-ascites

\-jaundice

\-clay stools

\-dark urine

\-may have red/organ body fluids ---rifampin

\-prolonged QT

\-use barrier methods instead of birth control contraceptives due to decreased effectiveness

\-tingling

what is the most common glycopeptide drug?

Vancomycin

true or false

you much administer Vancomycin really fast

false; do NOT administer Vancomycin fast, you are supposed administer it slow to avoid Red Man’s Syndrome

what are the symptoms of Red Mans Syndrome? (4)

\-facial flushing

\-hypotension

\-fever

\-chills

Vancomycin can cause what? (2)

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

if a pt is allergic to PCN and cephalosporins you can give them which drug when they have staph. infections?

Vancomycin

true or false

it is best to take most antibiotics on an empty stomach

true; many cannot be taken with calcium and iron, so it is better to take without food

what is the common cause for bacterial resistance

the destruction of the beta lactam ring by beta-lactamase enzymes; like penicillinase

true or false

water-soluble substances dissolve in the cell membrane and cross the blood brain barrier

false; FAT-soluble substances do!

what lab findings do you use to monitor the kidneys?

BUN and creatinine

antiviral drugs can cause what?

\-CNS effects such as dizziness

\-GI + renal toxicity

\-rash

\-liver toxicity

describe a disulfiram reaction (6)

\-nausea

\-vomiting

\-flushed face

\-dizziness

\-throbbing headache

\-chest and abdominal discomfort

metronidazole falls under which med class?

other antiprotozoal

describe a protozoa

a single cell organisms that pass via the human body for part of their life cycle, like malaria

true or false

metronidazole is also an antibiotic for anaerobic bacteria that is commonly used for GI infections and surgeries

true

if you take metronidazole with alcohol what is going to happen?

a disulfiram reaction

list the antimalarial drug

chloroquine

what are the adverse effects of chloroquine? (6)

\-CNS problems

\-immune problems

\-GI problems

\-rashes

\-vision problems

\-ototoxicity

mebendazole is in which med class?

anthelmintics

define extravasation

infiltration

while educating a cancer pt, you want to include…

\-use barrier contraceptives

\-antiemetics

\-promote mouth care

\-be careful while brushing teeth, gums may bleed

\-maintain nutrition with smaller frequent meals

\-avoid large crowd due to immunosuppression

\-wear hats or wigs to keep head warm

\-warn them about extravasation

true or false

antifungals are not compatible with other drugs

true

Clotrimazole and Flucconazole fall under which med class?

antifungals

antifungals cause what problems?

\-hepatic dysfunction

\-renal dysfunction

\-increased QT interval

true or false

wash you sheets and underwear in chlorine treated water to get rid of worms

true

list the three ant-hep C drugs

\-ombitasvir

\-paritaprevir

\-ritonavir (Technivie)

list the two anti-hep B drugs

\-entacavir

\-adefovir

acyclovir is a drug use for…?

agents of herpes and CMV

what is CMV

cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA herpesvirus

the suffix ‘ine’ represents which med class?

ergotamine

the suffix ‘tan’ represents which med class?

sumatriptan

what is the most common sumatriptan drug?

triptan

what is the most common ergotamine drug?

antimigraine

antimigraine med lead to what kind of problems?

\-CNS effects such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in legs

\-ergotism

\-CV changes

\-diarrhea

\-thirst

\-chest pain

\-bp change

\-withdrawal

\-liver toxicity

triptan can cause…?

\-tingling

\-numbness

\-weakness

\-chest pain

\*less adverse effects than ergotamine