Studied by 8 people
glucose labs that are within the expected range should reflect…?
70-110 mg/dL
an A1C greater than or equal to ___ indicates diabetes?
A 10%
B 6.5%
C 5.5%
D. 6%
B 6.5% ; an A1C greater than or equal to 6.5% is an indication that the pt has diabetes
A1C labs that are within the expected range should reflect…?
less than or equal to 6.5%
potassium labs that are within the expected range should reflect…?
3.5-5 mEq/L
creatinine labs that are within the expected range should reflect…?
0.6-1.2 mg/dL
if a pt labs show high creatinine levels your first initial thoughts should revolve around…?
kidney damage!
WBC count that is within the expected range should reflect…?
4-11 mL/dL
if a patient has an infection, what is one lab finding that would be elevated?
WBC
if a pt’s labs comeback with elevated ALT/AST levels that is an indication of…?
liver damage!!
true or false
we use a CD4 count to monitor the response to HIV meds
true
low TSH, high T3 + T4 indicates what…?
HYPERthyroidism
high TSH and low T3 + T4 indicates…?
HYPOthyroidism
list the 13 med classes for antibiotics
1. Aminoglycosides
2. Carbapenems
3. Cephalosporins (beta lactam)
4. Fluoroquinolones
5. Penicillin (PCN--- beta lactam)
6. Sulfonamides
7. Tetracyclines
8. Macrolide
9. Ketolide
10. Oxazolidinones
11. Monobactam
12. Leprostatic
13. Glycopeptide
the suffix ‘mycin’ represents which antibiotic med class?
aminoglycosides
what are the 3 common aminoglycoside drugs?
-Gentamicin
-Streptomycin
-tobramycin
drugs that end in ‘mycin’ cause what?
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
-med class: aminoglycosides
true or false
if a pt it taken aminoglycosides you want to monitor their peak and trough?
true
the suffix ‘nem’ represents which antibiotic med class?
Carbapenems
what is the common Carbapenem drug?
Ertapenem
Carbapenems cause what kind of problems?
-GI problems
-diarrhea and an electrolyte imbalance
-c diff
-beta lactam ring can be destroyed by penicillinase
*caution with seizure disorders
Carbapenems have a cross allergy with which med class?
Cephalosporins
what are the 5 common Cephalosporin drugs?
-Cephalexin
-Cefaclor
-Cefoxitin
-Cefdinir
-Certriaxone
*all drugs start with a "‘Ce”
true or false
later generation cephalosporins are not effective against gram neg. bacteria?
false ; later gens. are effective against gram neg., early gens. are not!
Cephalosporins can causes…?
-GI problems
-nephrotoxicity… especially if given with aminoglycosides
-adding anticoagulants may increase bleeding
-no alcohol consumption due to possible disulfiram effects
Cephalosporins have a cross allergy with which med class?
penicillin
-will destroy beta lactam ring with penicillinase
the suffix ‘floxacin’ represents which med class?
Fluoroquinolones
what are two of the most common fluoroquinolone drugs?
-Ciprofloxacin
-Levofloxacin
true or false
achilles tendon rupture are common adverse effects in pt’s who are taking fluoroquinolones
true
Fluoroquinolones cause what…?
-achilles or other tendon rupture or tendonitis, especially in older adults
-colitis
-nephrotoxicity
-phlebitis
-adding aminoglycosides, theophylline, or steroids increases toxicity
-can increase QT, if taken with cardiac meds
true or false
theophylline goes well with most drugs?
false! it does NOT go well with most drugs
the suffix ‘cillin’ represents which med class?
Penicillin (PCN)
what are the two most common penicillin drugs?
-Amoxicillin
-Augmentin
true or false
a class 1 allergic response is most common with penicillins
true
-the beta lactam ring gets destroyed by penicillinase
what protects the Augmentin beta lactam ring?
clavulanic acid
when is Augmentin usually prescribed?
for stubborn respiratory infections that are resistant to penicillin
if you accidentally give a pt penicillin and they start going into anaphylactic shock, you need to give them….?
epinephrine; epi
the suffixes ‘zine’ and ‘zole’ represent which med class?
Sulfaonamides
what are the three common Sulfonamides drugs?
-Cotrimoxazole
-sulfamethoxazole
-trimethoprim
what are the various adverse effects of sulfa drugs?
think skin rxn
-rash like Steven Johnsons Syndrome
-sunburns
-photo phobias
-GI distress
when educating a pt about sulfa drug adverse rxn, you want to tell them to wear…? (3)
-sunscreen
-a hat
-long sleeves
Sulfonamides has a cross allergy with what?
thiazide diuretics
the suffix ‘cycline’ represents which med class?
tetracyclines
what are the two common tetracycline drugs?
-doxycycline
-tetracycline
Tetracyclines are known to cause…?
-GI problems
-inadequate calcification of primary teeth of the fetus
-bone marrow suppression
-photosensitivity
*wear sunscreen + hat
-DO NOT TAKE WITH MINERALS OR DAIRY
what are the expected lab findings for a pt with hypothyroidism?
HIGH TSH and LOW T3 + T4
what are the expected lab findings for a pt with hyperthyroidism?
LOW TSH and HIGH T3 + T4
the suffix ‘mycin’ represents which other med class?
Macrolid
-remember ACE
what are the three most common Macrolide drugs used?
-Azithromycin (z pack)
-Clarithromycin
-Erythromycin
*ACE
what kind of adverse effects do Macrolides cause?
-GI problems
-supra infections
-c diff
-prolonged QT + other EKG changes that may result in chest pain and lethal arrhythmias
true or false
you need to be cautious giving Macrolides to cardiac pt
true ; because it can result in a prolonged QT, chest pain, and lethal arrhythmias
the suffix ‘cin’ represents which med class?
Ketolide (Lincosamide)
-not as common as the Macrolide ACE
what can ketolides cause…?
-GI problems
-liver damage… dark urine
true or false
ketolides are similar to macrolides, however, macrolides are more toxic
SIKE, it is false; ketolides are MORE toxic than macrolides
true or false
Lipoglycopeptides are similar to Vanco
true
the suffix ‘lid’ represents which med class?
Oxazolidinones
list the two common Oxazolidinones drug
-Tedizolid
-Linezolid
Oxazolidinones cause what?
-toxicity while breastfeeding
-reverses MAOIs
the suffix ‘nam’ represents which med class?
Monobactam
what is the common Monobactam drug?
aztreonam
what are the effects of aztreonam? (3)
-GI complaints
-phlebitis
-liver dysfunction
define phlebitis
inflammation of the vein
the suffixes ‘zid’ and ‘pin’ represent which med class?
Leprostatic
what are the two common Leprostatic drugs
-isoniazid (INH)
-rifampin
it is important to monitor which lab findings when a pt is taking Leprostatic drugs?
AST + ALT
true or false
you can drink alcohol with Leprostatic drugs?
false; do NOT drink alcohol while taking
what can Leprostatic drugs cause?
-liver damage
-ascites
-jaundice
-clay stools
-dark urine
-may have red/organ body fluids ---rifampin
-prolonged QT
-use barrier methods instead of birth control contraceptives due to decreased effectiveness
-tingling
what is the most common glycopeptide drug?
Vancomycin
true or false
you much administer Vancomycin really fast
false; do NOT administer Vancomycin fast, you are supposed administer it slow to avoid Red Man’s Syndrome
what are the symptoms of Red Mans Syndrome? (4)
-facial flushing
-hypotension
-fever
-chills
Vancomycin can cause what? (2)
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
if a pt is allergic to PCN and cephalosporins you can give them which drug when they have staph. infections?
Vancomycin
true or false
it is best to take most antibiotics on an empty stomach
true; many cannot be taken with calcium and iron, so it is better to take without food
what is the common cause for bacterial resistance
the destruction of the beta lactam ring by beta-lactamase enzymes; like penicillinase
true or false
water-soluble substances dissolve in the cell membrane and cross the blood brain barrier
false; FAT-soluble substances do!
what lab findings do you use to monitor the kidneys?
BUN and creatinine
antiviral drugs can cause what?
-CNS effects such as dizziness
-GI + renal toxicity
-rash
-liver toxicity
describe a disulfiram reaction (6)
-nausea
-vomiting
-flushed face
-dizziness
-throbbing headache
-chest and abdominal discomfort
metronidazole falls under which med class?
other antiprotozoal
describe a protozoa
a single cell organisms that pass via the human body for part of their life cycle, like malaria
true or false
metronidazole is also an antibiotic for anaerobic bacteria that is commonly used for GI infections and surgeries
true
if you take metronidazole with alcohol what is going to happen?
a disulfiram reaction
list the antimalarial drug
chloroquine
what are the adverse effects of chloroquine? (6)
-CNS problems
-immune problems
-GI problems
-rashes
-vision problems
-ototoxicity
mebendazole is in which med class?
anthelmintics
define extravasation
infiltration
while educating a cancer pt, you want to include…
-use barrier contraceptives
-antiemetics
-promote mouth care
-be careful while brushing teeth, gums may bleed
-maintain nutrition with smaller frequent meals
-avoid large crowd due to immunosuppression
-wear hats or wigs to keep head warm
-warn them about extravasation
true or false
antifungals are not compatible with other drugs
true
Clotrimazole and Flucconazole fall under which med class?
antifungals
antifungals cause what problems?
-hepatic dysfunction
-renal dysfunction
-increased QT interval
true or false
wash you sheets and underwear in chlorine treated water to get rid of worms
true
list the three ant-hep C drugs
-ombitasvir
-paritaprevir
-ritonavir (Technivie)
list the two anti-hep B drugs
-entacavir
-adefovir
acyclovir is a drug use for…?
agents of herpes and CMV
what is CMV
cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA herpesvirus
the suffix ‘ine’ represents which med class?
ergotamine
the suffix ‘tan’ represents which med class?
sumatriptan
what is the most common sumatriptan drug?
triptan
what is the most common ergotamine drug?
antimigraine
antimigraine med lead to what kind of problems?
-CNS effects such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in legs
-ergotism
-CV changes
-diarrhea
-thirst
-chest pain
-bp change
-withdrawal
-liver toxicity
triptan can cause…?
-tingling
-numbness
-weakness
-chest pain
*less adverse effects than ergotamine
Note 
Flashcard (179)