Biology 8 - Cells and Transport

At what level of organization does life begin?

Cell

What surrounds all cells?

Cell Membrane

What is semipermeable?

allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.

What 2 things make up the cell membrane?

phospholipids and embedded proteins

The cell membrane is also called the ----- membrane

Plasma

Centrioles are found inside of what type of cells?

Animal

What additional layer is found around the outside of plant cells and bacteria?

Cell wall

Centrioles are found at the center of the...

Centrosome

How do centrosomes help the cells?

Cell division

Where is DNA found inside a cell?

Nucleus

What cell process is controlled by the nucleus?

protein synthesis

DNA coils tightly during division and assembles into visible...

Chromosome

Where are organelles located?

Cytoplasm

Where are proteins made in a cell?

Ribosomes

Do all cells need ribosomes? Why?

yes because all organisms need to make proteins.

The process of making proteins is called...

protein synthesis

How does rough ER differ from smooth ER?

rough er has ribosomes on the surface while smooth er does not.

Rough ER is connected to the ---membrane and to ---ER.

nuclear and smooth

Proteins made by rough ER travel to the Golgi in sacks called ---. Golgi --- and ---proteins for export out of the cell.

cistern, modify, packages

What are Smooth ER jobs?

Make proteins, controls calcium level, detoxifies poisons.

What process takes place inside chloroplasts?

photosynthesis

What is the energy for photosynthesis?

Sun

What pigment traps the energy?

chlorophyll

Chloroplasts are found in what type of cell(s)?

plant cells

Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are alike in that they both have ---membrane and their own--

double and DNA

Food, water, and wastes are stored inside

Vacuoles

Digestion takes place inside---containing---

lysosomes and digestive enzymes

The largest organelle in plants is the...

central vacuole

What organelle breaks down and recyles worn out cells?

lysosomes

Cell membrane: Plant/animal/both

Both

Cell membrane - Function

Provides a boundary between the cell and its environment. Controls what enters/exits cell. Provides protection/support for cell.

cell wall - Function

Surrounds the cell membrane and its contents- give the plant its shape

cytoplasm - Plant/animal/both

both

cytoplasm - Function

Watery cell fluid that contains the cell organelles-many life processes take place here

vacuole - Plant/animal/both

both

vacuole - Function

Store water, wastes, and food. Much bigger in plant than animal cells.

ribosome - Plant/animal/both

both

ribosome - Function

Make proteins

Golgi bodies- Plant/animal/both

both

Golgi bodies - Function

Synthesize, package, and secrete cell products

rough ER - Plant/animal/both

both

smooth ER - Plant/animal/both

both

smooth ER - Function

Makes proteins and lipids that will be exported by the cell, controls calcium level and detoxifies poisons & drugs

central vacuole - Plant/animal/both

plant

central vacuole - Function

Takes up most of the space in plant cells. Store water, wastes, and food

chloroplast - Plant/animal/both

plant

chloroplast - Function

Involved in manufacturing of food (photosynthesis)

mitochondria -Plant/animal/both

both

mitochondria - Function

Convert energy stored in glucose into ATP

nucleus -Plant/animal/both

both

nucleus - Function

Control cell activities

nucleolus -Plant/animal/both

both

nucleolus - Function

Makes ribosomes

nuclear membrane -Plant/animal/both

both

nuclear membrane - Function

Materials move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores in the nuclear membrane

centrosome - Plant/animal/both

animal

centrosome - Function

Makes microtubules, important for cell division

lysosomes - Plant/animal/both

animal

lysosomes -function

Contain digestive enzymes, breaks down & recycle worn out cells

microtubules - Plant/animal/both

animal

microtubules -function

Give the nucleus and cell its shape

nuclear pores -Plant/animal/both

both

nuclear pores -function

Allows materials to move through nucleus and cytoplasm

Identify the organelle for 92

Vacuole

Identify the organelle for 93

Cell Membrane

Identify the organelle for 94

Nucleus

Identify the organelle for 95

DNA

Identify the organelle for 96

Cytoplasm

Identify the organelle for 97

Mitochondria

Identify the organelle for 98

Vacuole

Identify the organelle for 99

Cell Wall

Identify the organelle for 100

Cell Membrane

Identify the organelle for 101

Mitochondria

Identify the organelle for 102

Nucleus

Identify the organelle for 103

Cytoplasm

Identify the organelle for 104

Chloroplast

Passive transport

The cell does not use energy. High to low concentration. types - 1.Diffusion , 2.Facilitated diffusion, 3. Exocytosis

Active transport

The cell uses energy. Low to high concentration. types - 1. Protein pumps, 2. Endocytosis, 3. Exocytosis

Osmosis

diffusion
of water through a
selectively permeable
membrane

•Phagocytosis-

cytoplasm of cell
surrounds and engulfs large

•Pinocytosis-

plasma membrane
"pinches in" to permit entry of
molecules too large to diffuse
through

Semi-permeable membrane (selectively
permeable)

-allows some molecules to pass
but not others

Isotonic:

The concentration of solutes in the solution
is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.