Biology 8 - Cells and Transport

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At what level of organization does life begin?

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At what level of organization does life begin?

Cell

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What surrounds all cells?

Cell Membrane

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What is semipermeable?

allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.

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What 2 things make up the cell membrane?

phospholipids and embedded proteins

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The cell membrane is also called the ----- membrane

Plasma

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Centrioles are found inside of what type of cells?

Animal

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What additional layer is found around the outside of plant cells and bacteria?

Cell wall

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Centrioles are found at the center of the...

Centrosome

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How do centrosomes help the cells?

Cell division

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Where is DNA found inside a cell?

Nucleus

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What cell process is controlled by the nucleus?

protein synthesis

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DNA coils tightly during division and assembles into visible...

Chromosome

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Where are organelles located?

Cytoplasm

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Where are proteins made in a cell?

Ribosomes

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Do all cells need ribosomes? Why?

yes because all organisms need to make proteins.

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The process of making proteins is called...

protein synthesis

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How does rough ER differ from smooth ER?

rough er has ribosomes on the surface while smooth er does not.

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Rough ER is connected to the ---membrane and to ---ER.

nuclear and smooth

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Proteins made by rough ER travel to the Golgi in sacks called ---. Golgi --- and ---proteins for export out of the cell.

cistern, modify, packages

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What are Smooth ER jobs?

Make proteins, controls calcium level, detoxifies poisons.

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What process takes place inside chloroplasts?

photosynthesis

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What is the energy for photosynthesis?

Sun

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What pigment traps the energy?

chlorophyll

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Chloroplasts are found in what type of cell(s)?

plant cells

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Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are alike in that they both have ---membrane and their own--

double and DNA

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Food, water, and wastes are stored inside

Vacuoles

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Digestion takes place inside---containing---

lysosomes and digestive enzymes

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The largest organelle in plants is the...

central vacuole

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What organelle breaks down and recyles worn out cells?

lysosomes

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Cell membrane: Plant/animal/both

Both

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Cell membrane - Function

Provides a boundary between the cell and its environment. Controls what enters/exits cell. Provides protection/support for cell.

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cell wall - Function

Surrounds the cell membrane and its contents- give the plant its shape

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cytoplasm - Plant/animal/both

both

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cytoplasm - Function

Watery cell fluid that contains the cell organelles-many life processes take place here

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vacuole - Plant/animal/both

both

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vacuole - Function

Store water, wastes, and food. Much bigger in plant than animal cells.

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ribosome - Plant/animal/both

both

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ribosome - Function

Make proteins

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Golgi bodies- Plant/animal/both

both

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Golgi bodies - Function

Synthesize, package, and secrete cell products

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rough ER - Plant/animal/both

both

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smooth ER - Plant/animal/both

both

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smooth ER - Function

Makes proteins and lipids that will be exported by the cell, controls calcium level and detoxifies poisons & drugs

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central vacuole - Plant/animal/both

plant

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central vacuole - Function

Takes up most of the space in plant cells. Store water, wastes, and food

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chloroplast - Plant/animal/both

plant

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chloroplast - Function

Involved in manufacturing of food (photosynthesis)

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mitochondria -Plant/animal/both

both

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mitochondria - Function

Convert energy stored in glucose into ATP

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nucleus -Plant/animal/both

both

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nucleus - Function

Control cell activities

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nucleolus -Plant/animal/both

both

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nucleolus - Function

Makes ribosomes

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nuclear membrane -Plant/animal/both

both

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nuclear membrane - Function

Materials move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores in the nuclear membrane

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centrosome - Plant/animal/both

animal

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centrosome - Function

Makes microtubules, important for cell division

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lysosomes - Plant/animal/both

animal

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lysosomes -function

Contain digestive enzymes, breaks down & recycle worn out cells

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microtubules - Plant/animal/both

animal

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microtubules -function

Give the nucleus and cell its shape

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nuclear pores -Plant/animal/both

both

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nuclear pores -function

Allows materials to move through nucleus and cytoplasm

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<p>Identify the organelle for 92</p>
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<p>Identify the organelle for 92</p>

Identify the organelle for 92

Vacuole

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<p>Identify the organelle for 93</p>

Identify the organelle for 93

Cell Membrane

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<p>Identify the organelle for 94</p>
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<p>Identify the organelle for 94</p>

Identify the organelle for 94

Nucleus

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Identify the organelle for 95

DNA

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<p>Identify the organelle for 96</p>
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Identify the organelle for 96

Cytoplasm

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<p>Identify the organelle for 97</p>
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Identify the organelle for 97

Mitochondria

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<p>Identify the organelle for 98</p>
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<p>Identify the organelle for 98</p>

Identify the organelle for 98

Vacuole

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Identify the organelle for 99

Cell Wall

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<p>Identify the organelle for 100</p>
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<p>Identify the organelle for 100</p>

Identify the organelle for 100

Cell Membrane

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<p>Identify the organelle for 101</p>
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<p>Identify the organelle for 101</p>

Identify the organelle for 101

Mitochondria

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<p>Identify the organelle for 102</p>
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<p>Identify the organelle for 102</p>

Identify the organelle for 102

Nucleus

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<p>Identify the organelle for 103</p>
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<p>Identify the organelle for 103</p>

Identify the organelle for 103

Cytoplasm

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<p>Identify the organelle for 104</p>
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<p>Identify the organelle for 104</p>

Identify the organelle for 104

Chloroplast

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Passive transport

The cell does not use energy. High to low concentration. types - 1.Diffusion , 2.Facilitated diffusion, 3. Exocytosis

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Active transport

The cell uses energy. Low to high concentration. types - 1. Protein pumps, 2. Endocytosis, 3. Exocytosis

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Osmosis

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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•Phagocytosis-

cytoplasm of cell surrounds and engulfs large

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•Pinocytosis-

plasma membrane "pinches in" to permit entry of molecules too large to diffuse through

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Semi-permeable membrane (selectively permeable)

-allows some molecules to pass but not others

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Isotonic:

The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.

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