Chapter 1 Intro To Human Anatomy and Physiology

Gross Anatomy

Large stuff

Microscopic Anatomy

Small stuff

Physiology

study of function

Anatomy

study of structure

Relationship between Anatomy and Physiology

Structure determines function

Levels Of Organization

Chemical, Cellular, Organ, Organ System, Organism

Chemical Level

Atoms and Molecules

Cellular Level

Cells and Tissues

Cells

Basic Unit of Life

Tissues

Group of similar cells

Organ Level

Organs

Organs

2 or more tissues

Organ system

to or more organs

Organism

11 organ systems

11 Organ Systems

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive

Integumentary System

skin, protects

Skeletal system

206 bones, framework

Muscular system

movement

Nervous system

control

Endocrine system

hormonal control

Cardiovascular system

transport

Lymphatic system

filter

Respiratory system

gas exchange

Digestive system

absorb and breakdown of nutrients

Urinary system

get rid of waste

Reproductive system

reproduction

Life functions

maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth

Metabolism

all chemical reactions

Survival needs

food, water, oxygen, heat, pressure

Homeostasis

ability to maintain stable internal conditions

Homeostatic mechanism

Receptor, Set point, Effector

Receptor

Sensor, detects change

Set point

control center

Effector

causes a change

Negative Feedback

shuts off at setpoint

Positive Feedback

grows/ builds ex. contractions, blood clots

Anatomical Position

face forward, arms out, palms forward

Superior

closer to the head

Inferior

closer to the feet

Anterior

toward the front

Posterior

toward the back

Medial

closer to the midlone

Lateral

further from the midline

Proximal

closer to the point of attachment

Distal

further from the point of attachment

Superficial

near the surface

Deep

towards the core

Sagittal

divides into right part and left part

Midsagittal

midline

Parasagittal

divides into right and peft part off of the midline

Coronal

dividing from front and back

Transverse

dividing from top and bottom

2 General Body Cavities

Dorsal Body Cavity, Ventral Body Cavity

Dorsal Body Cavity (Back)

Cranial Cavity and Vertebral Cavity

Cranial Cavity

Brain

Vertebral Cavity

Spinal Cord

Ventral Body Cavity

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavity

Thoracic Cavity

Heart, Lungs, and diaphragm

Abdominopelvic cavity

Abdominal cavity and Pelvic cavity

Abdominal Cavity

stomach, liver, spleen

Pelvic Cavity

reproductive organs, urinary bladder and rectum

Quardrants

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ