2.5, and 2.7 Castro and Hitler social policies

Sax and Kuntz perspective

youth “were duller and stupid, though healthier. individuals”

What was Hitler’s domestic policy aims?

maintain power and women’s primary role to bear Aryans. Kinder, Kuche, Kirche

What was the Law for encouragement of marriage 1933

loans (1,000 reichsmarks) to get married 1.5 annual salary, 250 RM forgiven/ kept for every baby

In 1935 ____ was needed to get married

Certificate of fitness to marry

What did the 1938 marriage law do?

marriage w no kids ended, divorces banned for producing Aryans, if men had 4 kids they could remarry for more babies

How many kids did you need for gold mothers cross?

8+ kids

What was the 1935 Lebensborn “fountain of youth program”

SS soldiers had to mate unmarried women (each need 4+), stripped kids from parents and put in youth homes

What was Hitler’s perspective on women in 1933?

“women raise boys to man hood”, “men make history”, “woman in the best sense of the word, should use her strength and abilities in other areas than the man”, :we do not respect them but because we respect them too much”

What percent did the birth rate increase between 1930 and 1932

less than 2%

What contradictory policies did Hitler enact (reduced credibility)

removed women from workplace in 1933, but made work bc shortage during and pre war, Duty year in 1937, compulsory agriculture labor 1939, divorce depended on situation, Abortion and birth control restricted.

What were Hitler’s youth education aims?

maintain power, train boys for war and girls for motherhood

By 1937 what % of teachers joined Nazi’s teacher league?

97%

What subjects were taught in Hitler’s schools?

sports (2 hrs a day ), biology (racial differences), geography(maps reworked), and eugenics

What was Hitlers 1933 perspective on youth?

“weakness must be hammered away”, “that is how I will create the new order”

How can we see education was effective?

willingness of millions of Germans to join the war efforts at the start

When did Hitler youth group membership become mandatory

1939

What % of kids (Aryan only) had Hitler youth membership

90%

What was Kirkpatricks (American Sociologist) 1937 perspective?

Women passive, simplifies capacity for women to understand politics, “women experienced a great longing for simplicity”

What was Koonz (american historian) perspective on Hitler in 1988?

challenged earlier history, essential to Nazi stability, “actively Contributed to the Nazi state on both a personal and collective level”, “enablers to the brutality of Nazis”, not oppressed bc willing

Johnson (modern American historian)

women large part of Nazi control, didn’t think Third Reich oppressive, supported new order (upheld roles)

Lisa Pines 2010

Nazi’s employed “total education”, “core strategy of the national socialist regime”, “New generation of leaders infused with Nazi”

Brancher

Nazis never developed a consistent economic theory/plan

Noakes

in 1939 Hitler was STILL reliant on external factors for 1/3 of raw materials

What was Castro’s aim with women and education

maintain power and strive for gender quality

What was the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC) (1960)

promoted rights, literary, health, child rearing, supported CDRS

What % of women joined FMC by 1975

75%

What % of Cuban university students were women?

60%

Women labor increased from

13% in 1959 to 43% in 2000

What did articles 32 and 41 do?

gave women gender equality in all areas

2023 parliamentary representation

cuba 2nd and US 73rd

What was exemplary parenthood

started under CDRS in late 1960s, parents had to show active involvement in kids lives

What was the family code of 1975?

men and women had same rights for education and work, share in duties at home (if women work), but many think child raising is women’s duty, Abortion and divorces made easier

What was Castro’s literary campaign 1961?

100,000 teenage “teachers/workers” went to rural areas to help of farms and teach

How much did literary brigades reduces the rate of illterary?

in one year 23% to 4%

Cuba’s modern education:

revolutionary curriculum, cdrs clear students for college, free education (even university)

Whats cubas literary rate 2014?

99.7%

in 2020 Cuban spent ___ % of the nations budget on education

12%

Castro 2003 speech

“has brought freedom to 100%”, “ranked first worldwide”, cuba best bc EVERYONE gets education

Castro 1961 speech

“illiteracy is an i’ll”, war against illteracy (revolutionary tatics), “the world has its eyes on us”