DES 336- Exam 2

Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Glasgow School of Art

Poster for the Scottish Musical Review

Glasgow, Scotland

1900

• Center motif

• Linear quality

• Abstracted forms

Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Cranston’s Tea Room (reconstruction)

Glasgow, Scotland

1900

Mural: The Wassail (1900)

• Commissioned to redesign the interior of tea rooms

• Cube shape was typical for him

• Rectilinear patterns to define the wall surfaces

• Abstracted rose ornamentation

• Spacious environment with mezzanine

• Furniture: high back chairs to create space within space

• Murals featured were Gaelic and Celtic folktales

Charles Rennie Mackintosh

High backed chair and cabinet

Glasgow

1900

• Basic geometric forms

• Decorative motifs are intentional

• Simple forms with humble materials (A+C)

• Nature motifs with curved lines (AN)

Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Hill House (Entry Hall)

Helensburgh, Scotland

1900

• Designed everything inside and outside the space

• Simple materials

• Rectilinear windows

• For a wealthy family

• Collision of geometric forms with interior functions

• Repeated square motif

Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Hill House wardrobe and ladder back chair

Helensburgh, Scotland

1900

• Tall chair to lead eyes up

• Same square pattern on chair

• Hybrid forms

• Lighter quality furniture than on ground floor

• Limited color palette

• Abstracted flower motif

The Vienna Succession (1897- 1911)

Jugendstil / Secessionstil =

“young style” / Secession Style 

Group of designers → saw neo-gothic style → want to secede from this story style

Move away from studying history

Formed in Vienna, Austria → Vienna Secession

Gustav Klimt

Josef Hoffman

Josef Maria Olbrich

Koloman Moser

Wanted to combine all disciplines and create collaborative pieces

Succession Group: Viennese Workshop in 1900

• Design studio and craft workshop

• Designing for elite

• High quality handmade materials

Werkstatte Products

Josef Hoffman

Sitzmachine

Vienna

1900

• Not copied but inspired by A+C for Honest + modern materials, high quality craftsmanship, simplicity

• ref. to Webb’s morris chair

• Complication of geometry

• Handmade but machine-like

Werkstatte/ Josef Hoffman

Purkersdorf Sanitorium

Vienna

1900

• Ahead of its time

• Plain concrete shell punctuated by rectangles (like Mackintosh)

• Radical simplification

Werkstatte/ Josef Hoffman

Purkersdorf Sanitorium

Vienna

1900

• Total work of art

• Rectangular motifs and checkerboard pattern

• Softened language (rounded chairs)

• Collaborative, patterns/motifs carried throughout hospital

Josef Hoffman/Werkstatte

Palais Stoclet

Brussels, Belgium

1905

• Total work of art, every inch was Werkstatte

• For Rich banker who wanted a house to hold art + invite elite to visit

• No budget

• Marble face walls, dark frames

Josef Hoffman/Werkstatte

Palais Stoclet

Brussels, Belgium

1905

• Double height space for drama

• Lavish materials

• Plane + frame

• White surfaces

Josef Hoffman/Werkstatte

Palais Stoclet

Brussels, Belgium

1905

Dining Room with frieze by Gustav Klimt

• Klint mural w/ tree of life. Marble mosaic patterns with silver + semi-precious stones

• A lot of collaboration

• Permanent, integral art

German Expressionism

Zeitgeist= Spirit of the age

Response to deep unrest of German society at the time

How to aesthetically represent the spirit of the age

AN and A+C decline

Robert Wiene and Herman Warm

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

Germany

1920

Creepy jagged visuals, simple geometric forms, dark colors, feels unusual and exaggerated, collision of lines

High contrast and distorted perspectives

Represented distorted reality and inner turmoil

Painted sets and shadows

De Stijl (ca. 1917-1931)

Netherlands

• Reflected a rationalist new order for post-war society

• Abstracted form, line, plane, color

• Started in fine art

• Limited to primary colors + black, white, grey

Piet Mondrian

Composition in Red Blue Yellow 1930

• inspired by cubism and dutch impressionists

Piet Mondrian

Tableu No 2

1920

• Primary colors

• Basic rectilinear forms

Gerrit Rietveld

• 3D cabinet making background

• inspired by Japanese design

• wanted to make simple constructed 3D forms

• used limited color palette

Gerrit Rietveld

Red / Blue Chair

1920

• screwed together, simple joinery

• standard lumber, easy of manuf.

• eye extends to space

• color scheme reads like painting

Gerrit Rietveld

Schroeder House

Utrecht, Netherlands

1920

• Built for Schroeder

• Small scale

• Similar to painting

Gerrit Rietveld

Schroeder House

Utrecht, Netherlands

1920

• Cubic spaces

• Adjustable planes (sliding walls to create rooms)

• Limited visual interest/minimalism

Bauhaus School (1919-1933)

Desire to improve German design

Bauhaus School 1920

Walter Gropius

Bauhaus Program for Phase 1: 1919-1922

Cover Art by Lionel Feininger, Cathedral of Socialism

Walter Gropius and Bauhaus students

Sommerfeld House

Berlin, Germany

1920

Walter Gropius and Bauhaus students

Sommerfeld House

Berlin, Germany

1920

Dorte Helm

Curtain with applique

Sommerfeld House

Berlin, Germany

1920

Phase 2: 1923-1925

New influences on Bauhaus: De Stijl and Russian constructivism

Walter Gropius’ Office

Bauhaus School

Weimar, Germany

1920

Joost Schmidt

Poster for Bauhaus Exhibition

Weimar, Germany

1920

Haus am Horn for Bauhaus Exhibition

Weimar, Germany

1920

Haus am Horn for Bauhaus Exhibition

Weimar, Germany

1920

Marcel Breur

Wood Slat Chair

1920

Wilhelm Wagenfeld

WG 24 Table Lamp

Bauhaus Metal Workshop

Weimar, Germany

1920

Marianne Brandt

Teapot and tea infuser

Bauhaus Metal workshop

Weimer, Germany

First bauhaus school (1919-1925)

Walter Gropius

New Bauhaus building

Dessau, Germany

Phase 3 (1925-1928)

Weimar to Dessau

Marcel Breuer

B32 Chair

Bauhaus/Dessau

Bauhaus workshop wing

Marcel Breuer

B3 Club Chair (Wassily Chair)

Herbert Bayer

Cover for Breuer Metallmobel catalog

Marcel Breuer

Nesting Tables and chairs for Thonet

Bauhaus furniture

Folding table and folding chairs

1920

Bauhaus Dessau

Marianne Brandt and Him Bredendieck (for Kandem Company)

Lamps

Bauhaus Dessau

Bauhaus Program

Cathedral of Socialism

cover art by Lionel Feininger

Many modernisms

Art Deco/Art Moderne (1917-1939)

George Lepape (illus)

Dress by Sonia Delauney

on cover of British Vogue

The New Woman (in media representations)

Vogue 1892/ 1920s Vogues

Charlotte Perriand

In Chaise Lounge

Paris

1925

Poster and guidebook (cover)

International decorative arts exposition

Paris

1925

International Decorative Arts Exposition

Paris

Pierre Patout

House of a collector

Expo Pavillion

Paris

1925

Emile Jacques Ruhlmann

Grand Salon in House of a Collector

Paris 1925

Emile Jacques Ruhlmann, Jean Dunand, and Jean Lambert-Rucki

Donkey and hedgehog cabinet from Grand Salon

Paris 1925

Emile Jacques Ruhlmann

Grand Salon in House of a Collector

Paris 1925

Sonia Delauney

Boutique Simultane

Paris Expo 1925

Sonia Delauney

Designs shown at Paris 1925

Le Corbusier

Pavilion L’ Spirit Nouveau

Paris Expo 1925

Le Corbusier

Pavilion L’ Spirit Nouveau

Paris Expo 1925

Art Deco and Art Moderne Beyond Paris

Edgar Brandt

L’ Oasis

Decorative screen (iron and brass)

Paris 1925

Exhibition: A Collection of Objects from the International Exposition of Modern decorative and industrial arts

Cleveland Museum of Art

1925

Paris 1925 Expo Pavilion

Cleveland Museum of Art Exhibition

Paul Frankl

Library

for Macy’s Art in Trade Show

New York

1925

Kem Weber

Bathroom for Macy’s

New York

1925

Paul Frankl

Skyscraper Bookcase

1925

Dressing Table

adapted from Leon Jallot

for Lord & Taylor

New York 1925

Three venues: Department stores, theatres, skyscrapers

Parkinson & Parkinson

Bullock’s

Wilshire Department Store

LA 1925

Parkinson & Parkinson

Bullock’s

Wilshire Department Store

LA 1925

Palais Stoclet Vienna (1905)

Bullocks LA (1925)

Parkinson & Parkinson

Bullock’s

Wilshire Department Store

LA 1925

Charles Lee

Wiltern Theatre

Los Angeles

1925

Charles Lee

Wiltern Theatre

Los Angeles

1925

William van Alen

Chrysler building

New York

1925

William van Alen

Chrysler building

New York

1925