Skeletal and Muscular Systems

A set of flashcards covering key terms related to the skeletal and muscular systems as presented in the lecture notes.

Osteoblasts

Cells that build new bone tissue.

Osteocytes

Bone cells that maintain bone and serve as sensors for stress or damage.

Osteoclasts

Cells that break down and reabsorb bone tissue.

Wolff's Law

The principle that bone adapts in response to the stress placed upon it, becoming stronger.

Interstitial Growth

Growth in length of bones, occurring at the epiphyseal plate.

Appositional Growth

Growth in width of bones, involving the addition of new bone on the outer surface.

Sliding Filament Theory

The explanation of muscle contraction where actin and myosin filaments slide past each other.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate; the primary energy carrier in cells.

Isometric Contraction

A muscle contraction where joint angle and muscle length do not change.

Isotonic Contraction

A muscle contraction that produces a change in muscle length.

Concentric Contraction

A type of isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens while producing force.

Eccentric Contraction

A type of isotonic contraction where the muscle lengthens while producing force.

Ligaments

Connective tissues that connect bone to bone.

Tendons

Connective tissues that connect muscle to bone.

Monosaccharides

Simple sugar molecules that serve as building blocks of carbohydrates.

Disaccharides

Carbohydrates consisting of two monosaccharides.

Polysaccharides

Complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharides.

Glycogen

A complex carbohydrate that serves as a primary energy storage form in humans.

ADP

Adenosine diphosphate; the product when ATP loses one phosphate group, used for energy release.

Anaerobic Exercise

Physical activity that does not rely on oxygen for energy production.

Aerobic Exercise

Exercise that requires oxygen to produce energy.