Plant Reproduction and Development

These flashcards cover key concepts related to plant reproduction, specifically gymnosperm and angiosperm processes, as well as fruit types, seed dispersal, and germination.

What is the date for Term Test 3 in this course?

Wednesday, April 1st during lecture time in B1-271 from 8:20 to 9:20.

What types of questions will be included in Term Test 3?

A) Multiple choice & True/False (24 pts), B) Fill-in-the-blank (4 pts), C) Matching (4 pts), D) Short answer (16 pts), and a Bonus (2 pts).

What are the main stages of plant reproduction mentioned in the lecture?

Gymnosperm and Angiosperm reproduction.

What is the result of sexual reproduction in plants?

It leads to genetically different offspring and enhances adaptability to changing environments.

What process occurs when microsporocyte undergoes meiosis in gymnosperms?

It gives rise to four haploid microspores.

What does a pollen grain develop from in gymnosperms?

It develops from a microspore.

In gymnosperm reproduction, what happens after pollination?

Pollen germinates and grows a pollen tube, extending toward the ovulate scale.

What is the fate of the surviving megaspore in gymnosperms?

It develops into a female gametophyte which matures over one year.

What is double fertilization in angiosperms?

One sperm fertilizes the egg, and the other sperm unites with central nuclei producing a triploid endosperm.

What factors are needed for seed germination?

Water, Oxygen, proper temperature range, and light (red spectrum).

Define Apomixis in plants.

Seeds produced asexually without pollination, forming embryos from diploid cells instead of from zygotes.

What is Parthenocarpy?

Fruits that develop from ovaries with unfertilized eggs, resulting in seedless fruits.

How do fleshy fruits differ from dry fruits?

Fleshy fruits have a mesocarp that is fleshy at maturity, while dry fruits have a mesocarp that is dry at maturity.

What are aggregate fruits?

Fruits that come from a single flower with several pistils that mature on a swollen receptacle.

What is vivipary in seeds?

A condition where the embryo continues to grow without a period of dormancy while the fruit is still attached to the parent plant.

What historical significance do ancient seeds have according to the lecture?

3,000-year-old date seeds from the Dead Sea region that germinated and developed normally.