3.13 bonding

Explain how an ionic bond is formed? (E.g. sodium and chlorine to make sodium chloride)

Sodium is a metal that has 1 electron in its outer shell and chlorine is a non-metal that has 7 electrons on its outer shell.

Both elements need full outer shells in order to become stable and so sodium will transfer its outer shell electron to chlorine so that they both have full outer shells.

Since sodium has lost an electron it will now have a positive charge and since chlorine gained an electron it will now have a negative charge.

These two elements now have opposite charges and strong electrostatic forces will cause them to join together which we call an ionic bond.

Name 3 properties of ionic substances?

1.High melting point(many strong electrostatic forces + giant ionic crystal lattice)

2. High boiling point(many strong electrostatic forces + giant ionic crystal lattice)

3. Conducts electricity when aqueous or molten since ions are free to move and so they can carry charge.

What formula compound will be formed from Ga*3+ and SO4*2-?

Ga2(SO4)3

This is because Ga has a 3+ charge and SO4 has a 2- charge. In order to balance the charges you need to times Ga by 2 and SO4 by 3 to make a 6+ charge for Ga and a 6- charge for SO4. Therefore all u need to do is add another Ga atom and times SO4 by 3.

Draw a dot and cross diagram for aluminium chloride (Chlorine has 7 outershell electrons and aluminium has 3 outershell electrons)