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Federalist no. 10
Argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty. Also warned against factions.
Brutus no. 1
the Constitution diminishes the States; a large nat gov won't be able to represent the people; too big; too many clashing opinions; room for tyranny
Declaration of Independence
people have a duty to abolish a bad government; list of grievances; peacefully tried to get change; individual rights of the people
Federalist no. 51
lays out the importance of separating powers between branches of gov and between national/state gov to prevent tyranny
Connecticut Compromise
established bicameral legislature
3/5 Compromise
slaves and reps in House count as 3/5 of a person
Article I
Establishes Legislative Branch; the qualifications and powers of the House and Senate
Article II
Establishes Executive Branch; qualifications and powers of the President
Article III
Establishes Judicial Branch; powers and qualifications of Supreme Court
Supremacy Clause
Constitution is supreme
Full Faith and Credit Clause
states have to honor government proceedings of other states
Commerce Clause
Congress regulates interstate commerce; used to expand their power across the country
Necessary and Proper Clause
Congress can do anything needed to exercise their powers; creates concept of implied powers
Formal Amendment Process
Starts at Congress/National Convention -> State Convention/ State Legislature
Tenth Amendment
powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the states
Seventeenth Amendment
People now vote directly for senators instead of through a state legislature
Marbury v. Madison
Established judicial review
McCulloch v. Maryland
Confirmed that national government can set up a bank (Necessary & Proper Clause) and states can't try to tax the government to override them (Supremacy Clause)
Gibbons v. Ogden
National government can regulate basically every form of interstate commerce (Commerce Clause, Supremacy Clause)
United States v. Lopez
Congress cannot use the Commerce Clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime because it's within one state