Life Science - Test 4

mineral

any nutrient that originates from nonliving materials like the rocks of the earth

malnutrition

lack of proper nutrition because of poor diet

training heart rate

heart rate that should be maintained for at least 10 minutes in vigorous aerobic activity; also called target heart rate

ultraviolet radiation

form of energy that comes from the sun’s rays and can cause symptoms, premature aging, and skin cancer

melanoma

cancer of cells that produce melanin

SPF

a measure of how well a sunscreen protects against UV rays

sebaceous gland

sebum-producing oil gland in the dermis

plaque

thin, sticky film formed on the teeth by the bacteria in the mouthp

pimple

white or black mound developed by the skin because of a clogged and infected sebaceous gland

sebum

oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands

fiber

polysaccharide that cannot be broken down by the body into sugars

bacterium (pictured left)

microscopic unicellular prokaryote that has a cell wall made of peptidoglycan; kingdom Eubacteriainfe

infectious disease

disease that occurs when a pathogen invades the body

pathogen

disease-causing organism

formite

object that can transmit pathogens left on it after it is touched by an infected person

vaccine

substance that causes the body to produce many memory cells and antibodies against a pathogen without actually causing a disease

common cold

common infectious disease caused by a virus; is usually not severe but is inconvenient and can lead to serious conditions

allergen

substance that the body reacts to due to an over sensitivity

cardiovascular disease

disease of the heart and blood vessels

arrhythmia

condition in which the heart beats abnormally

drug

substance (other than food or water) taken into the body that causes changes in the body

drug misuse

using drugs for medical purposes without following the prescribed directions

drug abuse

intentionally using drugs for nonmedical purposes

withdrawal

painful and sometimes deadly sickness that occurs when a dependence causing drug in no longer taken

heroin

extremely addictive opioid that is completely illegal in the United Statesc

crack

an impure form of cocaine that is even more powerful than pure cocaine

sprain

muscle injury in which ligaments around a joint are stretched or torn

strain

muscle injury in which the muscle tissue is overstretched to the point of tearing

RICE treatment

most effective first aid treatment for muscle injuries

1. Rest: Avoiding use of the injured area.

2. Ice: Applying cold packs as soon as possible.

3. Compression: Wrapping the injured area with an elastic bandage.

4. Elevation: Propping up the injured area

adolescence

time when a young person changes into a adult

emotion

strong feeling that is usually expressed in a physical way

What type of fat typically comes from plant products?

unsaturated

What does vitamin A do for the body?

good eyesight, healthy skin, and promotes normal growth

What foods have vitamin C in them?

citrus fruits (like oranges)

What does vitamin C help with?

immune system

Which vitamin protects cells from damage?

vitamin E

Which mineral is used in your bones, blood & muscles?

calcium

What mineral enables the blood to carry oxygen?

iron

What unit is used to measure the amount of energy in food?

calorie

How much moderate or vigourous activity should preteens & teens perform?

at least 1 hour a day

Which type of physical activity increases the heart rate?

aerobic

How long should you maintain your training heart rate during vigorous aerobic activity?

at least 10 minutes

What is atrophy?

lack of physical activity causing the muscles to grow smaller

How many hours of sleep should a preteen or teen get?

8-10 hours

Is bowling an anaerobic activity?

Yes

What is the main reason to maintain a good physical appearance?

to glorify God

What do sweat glands help your body do?

stay cool

What is the disease called when oil glands become infected?

acne

What disease is caused by acid attacking enamel?

tooth decay & cavities

What system of the body does AIDS attack?

It attacks the immune system

What is the most common type of disease that affects the immune system?

allergies

What is the disease that is a buildup of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries and a major cause of heart attacks?

coronary artery disease

What disease forms malignant tumors?

cancer

Which hallucinogen is the most prevalent illegal drug in the United States?

marijuana

What substance coats the lungs when someone smokes a cigarette?

tar

Types of depressants

alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepine

Which organ does alcohol most noticeable affect?

brain

What are inhalents?

a group of drugs breathed in through the nose & mouth as a vapor

What would happen if you poured water on a grease fire?

it would spread

Which of these tips will help accidental poisoning?

Follow medicine directions, keep medicine & other hazardous products out of children’s reach, and never mix cleaners together.

Which type of burn damages the subcutaneous layer?

3rd degree

What term describes the teenage years?

adolescence

What is the very best ways to handle emotions?

prayer and scripture

What promises blessings to those that read it?

The Bible