UK Alevel politics

why are think tanks and lobbyist insider pressure groups

they achieve their aims by intimately working with the gov

what did BMA manage to pressure the gov to do

increase spending on the NHS by 3.4% from 2019-24

what do outsider groups normally resort to

civil disobedience

what is the UK most outspoken pressure group

extinction rebellion

what did extinction rebellion do in 2021

targetted an asset management firm by dumping ashes in the office

what are lobbyists

firms paid by private clients who seek gov access to influence legislation to match the interest of their clients

how much is spent by corporations on lobbying per year

2 billion

why do governments sometimes consult lobbying firms

to assess the impact their legislation will have on key industries

what is the revolving door

politicians switching between being in office and lobbying

what is an example of a revolving door politician

francis maude

what was passed in 2014 that stated all lobbying activity must be registered

the transparency of lobbying, non-party campaigning and tu administration act

when do parties consult think tanks

for inspiration on possible legislative proposals

since the current gov is conservative, what type of tt will have the most influence

conservative ones such as the Center for social justice by ian duncan smith

what did the pressure group mind do

campaigned for justice for seni lewis who died in a mental heath hospital after being restrained

what legislation was passed after the death of seni lewis

the Mental health units (use of force) act 2018

what has party membership decreased to

1.6%

which pg campaigns for electoral reform

the electoral reform society

how many people did big brother watch help that were allegedly fined during covid

1800

what reports does BMA share with the gov highlight

child obesity and the NHS waiting list

which pressure groups highlight issues on the most vulnerable in society and have hands on experience, which politicians lack

nspcc and shelter

when did labour incorporate the ECHR into british law with the HRA

1998

When was the Magna Carta signed?

1215

when was the right to a fair trail upheld (magna carta and article 6)

dg v secretary of state

which act was passed that allowed public insight into the actions and spending of politicians

the freedom of information act 2000

what did caroline pidgeon state about the freedom of information act

one of the most significant constitutional developments

what act was passed that forbid discrimination on the grounds of race, gender, sec and disability

the equality act 2012

what court case was about an indian couple wanting to adopt

mander v maidenhead

what can be argued the uk had developed in relation to rights

a rights based culture, even used by criminals

how many foreign criminals did the home office allow to stay in the uk due to their human rights in 2013

113

who was able to push back their deportation to jordan for 8 years on the grounds that they would be tortured there

abu qatada

what would conservatives argue for to prevent criminals from using hra

a bill of rights

what act was passed after 9/11 that led to the detainment of 8 ppl in belmarsh without trial

the anti-terrorism, crime and security act 2001

how many were still detained at belmarsh in 2004 and took their imprisonment to trial

3 stating it wholly neglected their right to liberty

what did the pressure group liberty fight for

the database of dna in 2001, leading to 1 million profiles being deleted from the national data base

where did a proportional system give a smaller party undue influence

germany in 1960s-90s the free democrats held the balance of power between 2 main parties with less taht 10%

when the coalition 2010 was in gov, what reforms were hindered due to disagreements

further reform to the house of lords

in the av referendum in 2011 what % voted to retain fptp

68%

under a proportional system, how long did belgium take to form a gov in 2010

18 months

which mp turned up to a munition debate because it was important to his constituents

mark reckless

how much was blair re-elected with in 2005

35.2%

what do liberal agrue when a president is elected with less than 50%

affects their mandate to govern

what did mp alistair for sdlp win with

24.5%

how many safe seats were there in 2015

364

in 2019 what was the corelation with seats and voted between labour and lib dems

32% vote and 31% seat whereas 11% vote and 2% seat

what do conservatives argue is good about fptp

limits extremist groups for gaining a foothold

what is an advantage of a proportional system

translate seats to votes more fairly

what does STV allow that fptp doesnt

closer correlation between seats and votes

which proportional system had a high voter's choice

STV

what does a lack of chose in candidates lead to

tactical voting

what would a proportional system lead to less of

adversarial politics

what is adversarial politics

parties running against each other and taking votes from smaller parties for personal gain

which proportional system rarely has a majority of one party which allows for consensus and compromise in policy making

AMS

where is ams used

wales and scotland

where is SV used

London mayoral elections

where is stv used

northern ireland

what is an example of AMS allowing consensus in policy making

in Scotland, minority SNP needed support of other parties to pass legislation, in Feb 2011, Con and LD argued that SNP budget did not promote economic recovery enough therefore SNP agreed to measures that increased youth employment and training

in 2017 what % of the vote did Labour and Con have

84%

what is retrospective voting

voting to decide whether the party in power should be re-elected by looking at their past performance.

what were the tv appearances in 2015 for con, labour and plaid cyrmu

40, 35 and less than 5

in 2019 what % of voters did labour and con

76%

what % of the UK voted to leave

52%

what do people question

the establishment of westminister

what did boris johnson attend for the environment

COP 26

what is there a general consensus of between the 2 parties

NHS and welfare

what did blair drop

clause 4

what thatcherite policy did Blair adopt

Asbows

what was david cameron labelled

compassionate conservative

traditionally how does the labour party feel about nuclear weapons that corbyn adopted

unilateral disarmament

what did the 2019 con manifesto promise for the economy

cut taxes and keep supporting small businesses

what does corbyn want to bring back

nationalisation and strong ties with trade unions e.g Tulo

what are examples of the major parties being internally divided

corbyn voted against his party 428 times and Cameron resigned over Brexit

what main organisations carry out opinion polls

populus and yougov

when did national election polls begin

1945

which years was opinion polls good at predicting

1997, 2001 and 2005

which election did the opinion poll fail to predict

1992 election when labour was predicted to win by 1.3% but the conservatives won by 7.6%

what are conservative voters who lie in opinion polls known as

shy tories

why can opinion polls arguably influence voting behaviour

polls show which party is leading before the electio

What is the bandwagon effect?

people vote for the party they believe to win

What is the boomerang effect?

supporters of the leading party wont vote as they feel that their party has already won

what is an example of opinion polls influencing tactical voting

polls showed michael portillo had a chance of losing his safe seat in enfield so undecided voters switched their vote to his opponent stephen twig

how do exit polls influence vb

they are published on the day of the election therefore later votes wont vote if they feel as though it will not make a difference

why are exit polls more important in the US

exit polls in the east come out 5 hours before the west

when was class dealignment

1970s

why is the TV the most important source of political information

must be politically impartial

what tv adverts are political parties in the uk limited to unlike in the US when parties can buy tv time

political party broadcasts

who argued that tv debates help to increase turn out

peter bazalgette of guardian

how many people watched the first televised debate in 2010 between gordon brown, cameron and clegg

9 million

as clegg was seen in a positive light, as the middle person, what was the publics reaction

cleggmania

how many seats did the lib dems lose in 2010

5

what policy goal was the lib dems able to achieve during the coalition

av referendum

who did blair hire to represent him in the media, known as the spin doctor

alastair campbell

who owned the sun that blair had good ties with

rupert murdoch

as of 2020 what fraction of people in great britain read online news

more than 2/3

in 2017 what social media platform did labour use

twitter to inspire young people to vote

what % of 18-24 voted labour in 2017

60%

in 2017 how much money did the conservatives spend on social media, through facebook ads

2.1 million

why are newspapers no longer important

declining readership and people to read the ones that ideologically suit them

which newspaper is aligned with conservative voters

daily mail

what news paper is aligned with labour and libdems

the guardian

what is an example of a news paper being highly critical of a leader yet they nearly won proving how they do not influence only reinforce

2017 newspapers were highly critical of corbyn yet he nearly won, with only less that a million votes less than con