Psychotherapy and Biomedical Therapies Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about psychotherapy and biomedical therapies.

Deinstitutionalization/Decentralized Treatment

Transition from institutional care to community-based treatment, integrating individuals with mental illnesses into society.

Psychotherapy

Psych treatment involving interactions between a trained therapist and a client to overcome psych difficulties or achieve personal growth

Biomedical therapy

Treatment involving medical procedures like medications or electroconvulsive therapy to address psych disorders

Eclectic Approach

Integrative method combining techniques from various therapeutic approaches based on the client’s needs

Nonmaleficence

Commitment to do no harm to clients

Fidelity

Maintaining trustworthiness and loyalty in professional relationships

Integrity

Promoting honesty and truthfulness in the practice of psychology

Respect for people’s rights and dignity

Valuing the worth of all individuals and respecting their rights to privacy/autonomy

Free Association

Encouraging clients to verbalize thoughts without censorship to uncover unconscious material

Dream Theories

Analyzing dreams to gain insight into unconscious desires/conflicts

Unconscious Mind

Exploring thoughts/feelings outside of conscious awareness that influence behavior

Resistance

Client behaviors that hinder the therapeutic process, indicating underlying conlficts

Interpretation

Therapist’s explanations of the unconscious meaning behind behaviors/thoughts

Transference

Redirecting feelings for significant people onto the therapist

Psychodynamic therapists

Focus on unconscious processes and past experiences affecting current behavior

Insight therapy

Aims to increase self-awareness and understanding of one’s feelings and behaviors

Person-centered therapy

Developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes a non-directive, empathetic approach that empowers clients

Active listening

Therapist attentively listens and reflects back on the client’s thoughts and feelings

Unconditional positive regard

Accepting and valuing the client without judgment

Behavior therapy

Focuses on modifying observable behaviors through conditioning techniques, rather than exploring unconscious processes

Exposure therapy

Gradual explosure to feared stimuli to reduce anxiety reponses

Systematic desensitization

Combining relaxation techniques with gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Using vitual environments to safely expose clients to feared situations

Aversive conditioning

Associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant stimuli to reduce their occurrence

Biofeedback

Using monitoring devices to provide clients with information about physiological processes to gain control over them

Behavior modification

Reinforcing desired behaviors and reducing undesired ones through consequences

Applied Behavior Analysis

Applying behavioral principles to improve socially significant behaviors

Token economy

Providing tokens for desired behaviors that can be exchanged for rewards

Social Skills Training

Teaching interpersonal skills through modeling, role-playing, and reinforcement

Cognitive therapy

Aims to change maladaptive thinking patterns to improve emotional well-being

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Focuese on identifying and altering irrational beliefs

Cognitive Triad - Aaron Beck

Negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to address dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors

Dialectical behavior therapy

Integrates CBT with mindfulness strategies, often used for borderline personality disorder

Cognitive restructuring

Identifying and challenging distorted thought patterns

Fear hierarchies

Ranking feared situations to gradually confront them in therapy

Group Therapy

Therapy conducted with groups and provides benefits from group interaction

Family Therapy

Therapy that treats people in the context of their family system, views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by/directed at other family members

Confirmation bias

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Meta-analysis

Statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion

Evidence-based practice

Therapy based on the best available research, clinical expertise, and patient values

Therapeutic alliance

Trusting, collaborative relationship between client and therapist

Clinical

Most are psychologists with a Ph.D or Psy.D., supplemented by a supervised internship and often postdoctoral training

Psychiatrists

Physicians who specialize in the treatment of psychological disorders

Social Workers

Prepares some to offer psychotherapy, mostly to people with everyday personal and family problems

Counselors

Specialize in problems from family relations. Mental health and other counselors may be required to have a 2 year master’s degree

Antipsychotics

Used to treat schizophrenia/other forms of severe thought disorders

Antianxiety

Used to control anxiety/agitation

Antidepressants

Used to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and PTS disorders

Mood stabilizers

Used to treat bipolar disorders

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Biomedical therapy for severe depression in which a breif electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized person

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Psychosurgery

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue to change behavior

Social influence theory

People behave as expected under hypnosis due to social pressure

Dissociation theory

Hypnosis creates a split between consciousness and awareness

Posthypnotic suggestion

Instructions given under hypnosis that influence later behavior

Posttraumatic growth

Positive psychological change experienced as a result of struggling with highly challenging life circumstances