Pathogenesis and Bacterial Growth Factors

Pathogenesis steps

Correct order: exposure, adhesion, invasion, infection.

Virulence factor

Surface protein aiding pathogen binding to host cells.

Phospholipases

Enzymes degrading cell membranes for pathogen escape.

Bacterial contamination measurement

Total plate count assesses bacterial concentration.

Endospore phase

Most endospores observed during death phase.

Penicillin effectiveness

Most effective during log phase of growth.

Generation time

Time for bacterial population to double.

Cell growth calculation

After five generations, cells total 1600.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Obligate aerobe, requires oxygen for growth.

Streptococcus mutans

Facultative anaerobe, grows outside anaerobic conditions.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae growth

Requires CO2-enriched atmosphere as a capnophile.

Acidophiles

Bacteria thriving in pH 1-2 environments.

Alkaliphiles

Bacteria found in Lake Natron's high pH.

Acidophile environment

Most likely in hot vent at pH 1.5.

Soup container contaminants

Probably psychrotrophs growing in cold conditions.

Hot tub bacteria

Likely mesophiles, thriving at moderate temperatures.

Hyperthermophile environment

Found in hydrothermal vents at ocean's depths.

Psychrophile habitat

Mountain lake at 12 °C supports psychrophiles.

Spoilage prevention in jams

Low water activity prevents microbial growth.

Salt marsh bacteria

Most likely halotolerant, surviving high salinity.